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T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients

Introduction: Preliminary studies have suggested a low post-vaccination antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in heart transplant(HTx)recipients. Although many studies have focused on the role of antibodies in vaccine-induced protection against SARS-C...

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Autores principales: Delrue, Leen, Muylaert, Annelies, Beernaert, Ann, De Pelsmaeker, Imke, Boel, Elly, Moya, Ana, Verstreken, Sofie, Dierckx, Riet, Heggermont, Ward, Bartunek, Jozef, Vanderheyden, Marc
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9497465/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092148
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author Delrue, Leen
Muylaert, Annelies
Beernaert, Ann
De Pelsmaeker, Imke
Boel, Elly
Moya, Ana
Verstreken, Sofie
Dierckx, Riet
Heggermont, Ward
Bartunek, Jozef
Vanderheyden, Marc
author_facet Delrue, Leen
Muylaert, Annelies
Beernaert, Ann
De Pelsmaeker, Imke
Boel, Elly
Moya, Ana
Verstreken, Sofie
Dierckx, Riet
Heggermont, Ward
Bartunek, Jozef
Vanderheyden, Marc
author_sort Delrue, Leen
collection PubMed
description Introduction: Preliminary studies have suggested a low post-vaccination antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in heart transplant(HTx)recipients. Although many studies have focused on the role of antibodies in vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2, the role of T cell immunity is less well characterized. To date, data regarding seroconversion and T cell response after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients undergoing HTx are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the specific memory humoral and cellular responses after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in HTx recipients. Methods: Blood was drawn from heart transplant (HTx) recipients at two pre-specified time points after the first and second vaccine doses to measure both the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response against the spike protein and the SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell response. Results: Our study included 34 SARS-CoV-2 naïve HTx recipients (mean age, 61 ± 11 years). The mean time from transplantation to the first vaccine dose is 10 ± 10 years. Subgroup analysis (n = 21) demonstrated that after the first vaccine dose, only 14% had antibodies and 19% had a SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cell response, which increased to 41% and 53%, respectively, after the second dose. Interestingly, 20% of patients with no antibodies after the second dose still had a positive SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell response. The percentage of patients with positive S-IgG antibody titers was significantly higher 5 years after transplantation (18% 0–5 years post-TX vs. 65% 5 years post-TX, p = 0.013). Similarly, 5 years after heart transplantation, the percentage of patients with a T cell response was significantly higher (35% 0–5 years post-TX vs. 71% 5 years post-TX, p = 0.030). Conclusions: In SARS-CoV-2 naïve HTx recipients, post-vaccination antibody titers but also SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response are low. Therefore, the protection from SARS-CoV-2 that is generally attributed to vaccination should be regarded with caution in HTx recipients.
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spelling pubmed-94974652022-09-23 T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients Delrue, Leen Muylaert, Annelies Beernaert, Ann De Pelsmaeker, Imke Boel, Elly Moya, Ana Verstreken, Sofie Dierckx, Riet Heggermont, Ward Bartunek, Jozef Vanderheyden, Marc Diagnostics (Basel) Article Introduction: Preliminary studies have suggested a low post-vaccination antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in heart transplant(HTx)recipients. Although many studies have focused on the role of antibodies in vaccine-induced protection against SARS-CoV-2, the role of T cell immunity is less well characterized. To date, data regarding seroconversion and T cell response after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients undergoing HTx are scarce. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the specific memory humoral and cellular responses after two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine in HTx recipients. Methods: Blood was drawn from heart transplant (HTx) recipients at two pre-specified time points after the first and second vaccine doses to measure both the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response against the spike protein and the SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell response. Results: Our study included 34 SARS-CoV-2 naïve HTx recipients (mean age, 61 ± 11 years). The mean time from transplantation to the first vaccine dose is 10 ± 10 years. Subgroup analysis (n = 21) demonstrated that after the first vaccine dose, only 14% had antibodies and 19% had a SARS-CoV-2-reactive T-cell response, which increased to 41% and 53%, respectively, after the second dose. Interestingly, 20% of patients with no antibodies after the second dose still had a positive SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cell response. The percentage of patients with positive S-IgG antibody titers was significantly higher 5 years after transplantation (18% 0–5 years post-TX vs. 65% 5 years post-TX, p = 0.013). Similarly, 5 years after heart transplantation, the percentage of patients with a T cell response was significantly higher (35% 0–5 years post-TX vs. 71% 5 years post-TX, p = 0.030). Conclusions: In SARS-CoV-2 naïve HTx recipients, post-vaccination antibody titers but also SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell response are low. Therefore, the protection from SARS-CoV-2 that is generally attributed to vaccination should be regarded with caution in HTx recipients. MDPI 2022-09-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9497465/ /pubmed/36140549 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092148 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Delrue, Leen
Muylaert, Annelies
Beernaert, Ann
De Pelsmaeker, Imke
Boel, Elly
Moya, Ana
Verstreken, Sofie
Dierckx, Riet
Heggermont, Ward
Bartunek, Jozef
Vanderheyden, Marc
T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients
title T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients
title_full T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients
title_fullStr T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients
title_full_unstemmed T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients
title_short T Cell and Antibody Response Following Double Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve Heart Transplant Recipients
title_sort t cell and antibody response following double dose of bnt162b2 mrna vaccine in sars-cov-2 naïve heart transplant recipients
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9497465/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140549
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092148
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