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Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature
Pediatric thymomas are extremely rare and slow-growing malignant tumors. The recent publication of the first Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor–Node–Metastasis (TNM) stage classification and updated treatment guidelines for thymomas has prom...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9497562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140606 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092205 |
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author | Rossi, Cristiana Zanelli, Magda Sanguedolce, Francesca Zizzo, Maurizio Palicelli, Andrea Ricci, Linda Corsi, Matteo Caprera, Cecilia Cresta, Camilla Sollitto, Francesco Broggi, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Cavazza, Alberto Lococo, Filippo Loizzi, Domenico Ascani, Stefano |
author_facet | Rossi, Cristiana Zanelli, Magda Sanguedolce, Francesca Zizzo, Maurizio Palicelli, Andrea Ricci, Linda Corsi, Matteo Caprera, Cecilia Cresta, Camilla Sollitto, Francesco Broggi, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Cavazza, Alberto Lococo, Filippo Loizzi, Domenico Ascani, Stefano |
author_sort | Rossi, Cristiana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pediatric thymomas are extremely rare and slow-growing malignant tumors. The recent publication of the first Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor–Node–Metastasis (TNM) stage classification and updated treatment guidelines for thymomas has prompted us to perform a review of the literature on pediatric thymomas. A search of English-language articles in the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted. Additional articles were identified through reference lists of retrieved publications. Thirty-two articles involving 82 pediatric thymomas were included. Males comprised 60% of patients, and 13% manifested myasthenia gravis (MG). Histotype B1 (45%) and stage I (52% Masaoka–Koga and 71% UICC/AJCC TNM) were the most frequent. Of note is the possibility that the lack of cases with mixed histologies in the reviewed publications might be related to a sampling issue, as it is well known that the more sections are available for review, the more likely it is that the majority of these neoplasms will show mixed histologies. Both staging systems showed a gradual increase in the percentage of cases, with more advanced stages of disease moving from type A to B3 thymomas. Complete surgical resection (R0) was the main therapeutic approach in Masaoka–Koga stage I (89%) and UICC/AJCC TNM stage I (70%) thymomas. Advanced stages of disease and incomplete surgical resection were most often associated with recurrence and death. An association between stage and outcome, and completeness of resection and outcome, was found. Interestingly, though an association between histotype and staging was found, this does not take into account the possibility of mixed histologies which would reduce the clinical impact of histologic subtyping over staging. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9497562 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-94975622022-09-23 Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature Rossi, Cristiana Zanelli, Magda Sanguedolce, Francesca Zizzo, Maurizio Palicelli, Andrea Ricci, Linda Corsi, Matteo Caprera, Cecilia Cresta, Camilla Sollitto, Francesco Broggi, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Cavazza, Alberto Lococo, Filippo Loizzi, Domenico Ascani, Stefano Diagnostics (Basel) Review Pediatric thymomas are extremely rare and slow-growing malignant tumors. The recent publication of the first Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Tumor–Node–Metastasis (TNM) stage classification and updated treatment guidelines for thymomas has prompted us to perform a review of the literature on pediatric thymomas. A search of English-language articles in the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted. Additional articles were identified through reference lists of retrieved publications. Thirty-two articles involving 82 pediatric thymomas were included. Males comprised 60% of patients, and 13% manifested myasthenia gravis (MG). Histotype B1 (45%) and stage I (52% Masaoka–Koga and 71% UICC/AJCC TNM) were the most frequent. Of note is the possibility that the lack of cases with mixed histologies in the reviewed publications might be related to a sampling issue, as it is well known that the more sections are available for review, the more likely it is that the majority of these neoplasms will show mixed histologies. Both staging systems showed a gradual increase in the percentage of cases, with more advanced stages of disease moving from type A to B3 thymomas. Complete surgical resection (R0) was the main therapeutic approach in Masaoka–Koga stage I (89%) and UICC/AJCC TNM stage I (70%) thymomas. Advanced stages of disease and incomplete surgical resection were most often associated with recurrence and death. An association between stage and outcome, and completeness of resection and outcome, was found. Interestingly, though an association between histotype and staging was found, this does not take into account the possibility of mixed histologies which would reduce the clinical impact of histologic subtyping over staging. MDPI 2022-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9497562/ /pubmed/36140606 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092205 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Rossi, Cristiana Zanelli, Magda Sanguedolce, Francesca Zizzo, Maurizio Palicelli, Andrea Ricci, Linda Corsi, Matteo Caprera, Cecilia Cresta, Camilla Sollitto, Francesco Broggi, Giuseppe Caltabiano, Rosario Cavazza, Alberto Lococo, Filippo Loizzi, Domenico Ascani, Stefano Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature |
title | Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature |
title_full | Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature |
title_fullStr | Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature |
title_full_unstemmed | Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature |
title_short | Pediatric Thymoma: A Review and Update of the Literature |
title_sort | pediatric thymoma: a review and update of the literature |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9497562/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140606 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092205 |
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