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Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders

Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is primarily considered a hyperandrogenic disorder in women characterized by hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovarian morphology, an endocrinological investigation should be performed to rule out other hyperandrogenic disorders (e.g., virili...

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Autores principales: Yesiladali, Mert, Yazici, Melis G. K., Attar, Erkut, Kelestimur, Fahrettin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9498167/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140452
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092045
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author Yesiladali, Mert
Yazici, Melis G. K.
Attar, Erkut
Kelestimur, Fahrettin
author_facet Yesiladali, Mert
Yazici, Melis G. K.
Attar, Erkut
Kelestimur, Fahrettin
author_sort Yesiladali, Mert
collection PubMed
description Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is primarily considered a hyperandrogenic disorder in women characterized by hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovarian morphology, an endocrinological investigation should be performed to rule out other hyperandrogenic disorders (e.g., virilizing tumors, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), hyperprolactinemia, and Cushing’s syndrome) to make a certain diagnosis. PCOS and androgen excess disorders share clinical features such as findings due to hyperandrogenism, findings of metabolic syndrome, and menstrual abnormalities. The diagnosis of a woman with these symptoms is generally determined based on the patient’s history and rigorous clinical examination. Therefore, distinguishing PCOS from adrenal-originated androgen excess is an indispensable step in diagnosis. In addition to an appropriate medical history and physical examination, the measurement of relevant basal hormone levels and dynamic tests are required. A dexamethasone suppression test is used routinely to make a differential diagnosis between Cushing’s syndrome and PCOS. The most important parameter for differentiating PCOS from NCAH is the measurement of basal and ACTH-stimulated 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP) when required in the early follicular period. It should be kept in mind that rapidly progressive hyperandrogenic manifestations such as hirsutism may be due to an androgen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. This review discusses the pathophysiology of androgen excess of both adrenal and ovarian origins; outlines the conditions which lead to androgen excess; and aims to facilitate the differential diagnosis of PCOS from certain adrenal disorders.
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spelling pubmed-94981672022-09-23 Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders Yesiladali, Mert Yazici, Melis G. K. Attar, Erkut Kelestimur, Fahrettin Diagnostics (Basel) Review Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is primarily considered a hyperandrogenic disorder in women characterized by hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and polycystic ovarian morphology, an endocrinological investigation should be performed to rule out other hyperandrogenic disorders (e.g., virilizing tumors, non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCAH), hyperprolactinemia, and Cushing’s syndrome) to make a certain diagnosis. PCOS and androgen excess disorders share clinical features such as findings due to hyperandrogenism, findings of metabolic syndrome, and menstrual abnormalities. The diagnosis of a woman with these symptoms is generally determined based on the patient’s history and rigorous clinical examination. Therefore, distinguishing PCOS from adrenal-originated androgen excess is an indispensable step in diagnosis. In addition to an appropriate medical history and physical examination, the measurement of relevant basal hormone levels and dynamic tests are required. A dexamethasone suppression test is used routinely to make a differential diagnosis between Cushing’s syndrome and PCOS. The most important parameter for differentiating PCOS from NCAH is the measurement of basal and ACTH-stimulated 17-OH progesterone (17-OHP) when required in the early follicular period. It should be kept in mind that rapidly progressive hyperandrogenic manifestations such as hirsutism may be due to an androgen-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma. This review discusses the pathophysiology of androgen excess of both adrenal and ovarian origins; outlines the conditions which lead to androgen excess; and aims to facilitate the differential diagnosis of PCOS from certain adrenal disorders. MDPI 2022-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9498167/ /pubmed/36140452 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092045 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Yesiladali, Mert
Yazici, Melis G. K.
Attar, Erkut
Kelestimur, Fahrettin
Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders
title Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders
title_full Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders
title_fullStr Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders
title_short Differentiating Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from Adrenal Disorders
title_sort differentiating polycystic ovary syndrome from adrenal disorders
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9498167/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36140452
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092045
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