Blood Transcriptome Analysis of Beef Cow with Different Parity Revealed Candidate Genes and Gene Networks Regulating the Postpartum Diseases

Maternal parity is an important physiological factor influencing beef cow reproductive performance. However, there are few studies on the influence of different calving periods on early growth and postpartum diseases. Here, we conducted blood transcriptomic analysis on cows of different parities for gene discovery. We used Short Time Series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis to determine gene expression levels in cows of various parities and divided multiple parities into three main periods (nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous) for subsequent analysis. Furthermore, the top 15,000 genes with the lowest median absolute deviation (MAD) were used to build a co-expression network using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and six independent modules were identified. Combing with Exon Wide Selection Signature (EWSS) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that TPCN2, KIF22, MICAL3, RUNX2, PDE4A, TESK2, GPM6A, POLR1A, and KLHL6 involved in early growth and postpartum diseases. The GO and KEGG enrichment showed that the Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action pathway and stem cell differentiation function-related pathways were enriched. Collectively, our study revealed candidate genes and gene networks regulating the early growth and postpartum diseases and provided new insights into the potential mechanism of reproduction advantages of different parity selection.