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Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)

BACKGROUND: Pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are well-established markers of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal trend and associated factors of PP and MAP in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: From the China Health and Nutrition Survey 199...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Xinyue, Zhu, Yunying, Li, Shuting, Ye, Xinxin, Hou, Leying, You, Yating, Wang, Chenyu, Wu, Yuhang, Zhang, Junmeng, Wang, Yinlin, Song, Peige, Mao, Xi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9500211/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36158841
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.910810
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author Zhang, Xinyue
Zhu, Yunying
Li, Shuting
Ye, Xinxin
Hou, Leying
You, Yating
Wang, Chenyu
Wu, Yuhang
Zhang, Junmeng
Wang, Yinlin
Song, Peige
Mao, Xi
author_facet Zhang, Xinyue
Zhu, Yunying
Li, Shuting
Ye, Xinxin
Hou, Leying
You, Yating
Wang, Chenyu
Wu, Yuhang
Zhang, Junmeng
Wang, Yinlin
Song, Peige
Mao, Xi
author_sort Zhang, Xinyue
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are well-established markers of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal trend and associated factors of PP and MAP in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: From the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015, a total of 11,123 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were included. Stratified analyses and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were conducted to compare the trends of PP and MAP by age and sex over two decades, along with the calculation of average relative increase (ARI). Moreover, multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the associated factors of PP and MAP. RESULTS: During 1991–2015, upward trends were observed in both PP and MAP levels, with ARI of 0.30 and 0.34%, respectively. PP was higher in boys [PP(1991) 33.9 mmHg (95%CI, 33.40–34.33) to PP(2015) 35.4 mmHg (34.74–36.15)] than in girls [PP(1991) 33.3 mmHg (32.83–33.72) to PP(2015) 34.3 mmHg (33.59–34.99)]. PP was also higher in participants aged 13–17 years [PP(1991) 36.1 mmHg (35.63–36.62) to PP(2015) 38.3 mmHg (37.35–39.21)] than in those aged 7–12 years [PP(1991) 31.5 mmHg (31.09–31.88) to PP(2015) 33.7 mmHg (33.16–34.30)]. Similar results were found in MAP. Participants with high economic status, general obesity and central obesity, were more likely to have wider PP (β(higheconomicstatus) = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.19–1.02; β(generalobesity) = 1.38, 0.87–1.89; β(centralobesity) = 1.34, 0.70–1.97; all P-values < 0.001) and higher MAP (β(higheconomicstatus) = 0.82, 0.38–1.26; β(generalobesity) = 2.88, 2.33–3.42; β(centralobesity) = 3.14, 2.47–3.80; all P-values < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively correlated with PP (β(BMI) = 0.18, 0.13–0.24; β(WC) = 0.10, 0.08–0.12; both P-values < 0.001) and MAP (β(BMI) = 0.43, 0.37–0.49; β(WC) = 0.20, 0.18–0.22; both P-values < 0.001). In addition, rural setting and glucose level were positively associated with PP (both P < 0.05), while north region residency, uric acid, and total cholesterol were found to be positively associated with MAP (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PP and MAP levels have been increasing dramatically in Chinese children and adolescents over the last two decades. Age, sex, economic status, geographic factors, anthropometric and cardiometabolic factor were positively associated with PP and MAP in pediatric population.
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spelling pubmed-95002112022-09-24 Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015) Zhang, Xinyue Zhu, Yunying Li, Shuting Ye, Xinxin Hou, Leying You, Yating Wang, Chenyu Wu, Yuhang Zhang, Junmeng Wang, Yinlin Song, Peige Mao, Xi Front Cardiovasc Med Cardiovascular Medicine BACKGROUND: Pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are well-established markers of cardiovascular risk. In this study, we aimed to assess the temporal trend and associated factors of PP and MAP in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS: From the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2015, a total of 11,123 children and adolescents aged 7–17 years were included. Stratified analyses and generalized estimating equation (GEE) were conducted to compare the trends of PP and MAP by age and sex over two decades, along with the calculation of average relative increase (ARI). Moreover, multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the associated factors of PP and MAP. RESULTS: During 1991–2015, upward trends were observed in both PP and MAP levels, with ARI of 0.30 and 0.34%, respectively. PP was higher in boys [PP(1991) 33.9 mmHg (95%CI, 33.40–34.33) to PP(2015) 35.4 mmHg (34.74–36.15)] than in girls [PP(1991) 33.3 mmHg (32.83–33.72) to PP(2015) 34.3 mmHg (33.59–34.99)]. PP was also higher in participants aged 13–17 years [PP(1991) 36.1 mmHg (35.63–36.62) to PP(2015) 38.3 mmHg (37.35–39.21)] than in those aged 7–12 years [PP(1991) 31.5 mmHg (31.09–31.88) to PP(2015) 33.7 mmHg (33.16–34.30)]. Similar results were found in MAP. Participants with high economic status, general obesity and central obesity, were more likely to have wider PP (β(higheconomicstatus) = 0.60, 95% CI, 0.19–1.02; β(generalobesity) = 1.38, 0.87–1.89; β(centralobesity) = 1.34, 0.70–1.97; all P-values < 0.001) and higher MAP (β(higheconomicstatus) = 0.82, 0.38–1.26; β(generalobesity) = 2.88, 2.33–3.42; β(centralobesity) = 3.14, 2.47–3.80; all P-values < 0.001). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were positively correlated with PP (β(BMI) = 0.18, 0.13–0.24; β(WC) = 0.10, 0.08–0.12; both P-values < 0.001) and MAP (β(BMI) = 0.43, 0.37–0.49; β(WC) = 0.20, 0.18–0.22; both P-values < 0.001). In addition, rural setting and glucose level were positively associated with PP (both P < 0.05), while north region residency, uric acid, and total cholesterol were found to be positively associated with MAP (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: PP and MAP levels have been increasing dramatically in Chinese children and adolescents over the last two decades. Age, sex, economic status, geographic factors, anthropometric and cardiometabolic factor were positively associated with PP and MAP in pediatric population. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9500211/ /pubmed/36158841 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.910810 Text en Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Zhu, Li, Ye, Hou, You, Wang, Wu, Zhang, Wang, Song and Mao. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cardiovascular Medicine
Zhang, Xinyue
Zhu, Yunying
Li, Shuting
Ye, Xinxin
Hou, Leying
You, Yating
Wang, Chenyu
Wu, Yuhang
Zhang, Junmeng
Wang, Yinlin
Song, Peige
Mao, Xi
Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
title Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
title_full Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
title_fullStr Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
title_full_unstemmed Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
title_short Temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in Chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
title_sort temporal trends in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure in chinese children and adolescents over two decades (1991–2015)
topic Cardiovascular Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9500211/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36158841
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.910810
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