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Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
One of the main limitations of laser powder bed fusion technology is the residual stress (RS) introduced into the material by the local heating of the laser beam. RS restricts the processability of some materials and causes shape distortions in the process. Powder bed preheating is a commonly used t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9500822/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186360 |
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author | Malý, Martin Nopová, Klára Klakurková, Lenka Adam, Ondřej Pantělejev, Libor Koutný, Daniel |
author_facet | Malý, Martin Nopová, Klára Klakurková, Lenka Adam, Ondřej Pantělejev, Libor Koutný, Daniel |
author_sort | Malý, Martin |
collection | PubMed |
description | One of the main limitations of laser powder bed fusion technology is the residual stress (RS) introduced into the material by the local heating of the laser beam. RS restricts the processability of some materials and causes shape distortions in the process. Powder bed preheating is a commonly used technique for RS mitigation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of powder bed preheating in the range of room temperature to 400 °C on RS, macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and properties of the unfused powder of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 939. The effect of base plate preheating on RS was determined by an indirect method using deformation of the bridge-shaped specimens. Inconel 939 behaved differently than titanium and aluminum alloys when preheated at high temperatures. Preheating at high temperatures resulted in higher RS, higher 0.2% proof stress and ultimate strength, lower elongation at brake, and higher material hardness. The increased RSs and the change in mechanical properties are attributed to changes in the microstructure. Preheating resulted in a larger melt pool, increased the width of columnar grains, and led to evolution of the carbide phase. The most significant microstructure change was in the increase of the size and occurrence of the carbide phase when higher preheating was applied. Furthermore, it was detected that the evolution of the carbide phase strongly corresponds to the build time when high-temperature preheating is applied. Rapid oxidation of the unfused powder was not detected by EDX or XRD analyses. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9500822 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95008222022-09-24 Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Malý, Martin Nopová, Klára Klakurková, Lenka Adam, Ondřej Pantělejev, Libor Koutný, Daniel Materials (Basel) Article One of the main limitations of laser powder bed fusion technology is the residual stress (RS) introduced into the material by the local heating of the laser beam. RS restricts the processability of some materials and causes shape distortions in the process. Powder bed preheating is a commonly used technique for RS mitigation. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of powder bed preheating in the range of room temperature to 400 °C on RS, macrostructure, microstructure, mechanical properties, and properties of the unfused powder of the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 939. The effect of base plate preheating on RS was determined by an indirect method using deformation of the bridge-shaped specimens. Inconel 939 behaved differently than titanium and aluminum alloys when preheated at high temperatures. Preheating at high temperatures resulted in higher RS, higher 0.2% proof stress and ultimate strength, lower elongation at brake, and higher material hardness. The increased RSs and the change in mechanical properties are attributed to changes in the microstructure. Preheating resulted in a larger melt pool, increased the width of columnar grains, and led to evolution of the carbide phase. The most significant microstructure change was in the increase of the size and occurrence of the carbide phase when higher preheating was applied. Furthermore, it was detected that the evolution of the carbide phase strongly corresponds to the build time when high-temperature preheating is applied. Rapid oxidation of the unfused powder was not detected by EDX or XRD analyses. MDPI 2022-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9500822/ /pubmed/36143668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186360 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Malý, Martin Nopová, Klára Klakurková, Lenka Adam, Ondřej Pantělejev, Libor Koutný, Daniel Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
title | Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
title_full | Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
title_fullStr | Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
title_short | Effect of Preheating on the Residual Stress and Material Properties of Inconel 939 Processed by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
title_sort | effect of preheating on the residual stress and material properties of inconel 939 processed by laser powder bed fusion |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9500822/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186360 |
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