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Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition
More than a year after the first vaccines against the novel SARS-CoV-2 were approved, many questions still remain about the long-term protection conferred by each vaccine. How long the effect lasts, how effective it is against variants of concern and whether further vaccinations will confer addition...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9500953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091563 |
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author | Mai, Franz Volzke, Johann Reisinger, Emil C. Müller-Hilke, Brigitte |
author_facet | Mai, Franz Volzke, Johann Reisinger, Emil C. Müller-Hilke, Brigitte |
author_sort | Mai, Franz |
collection | PubMed |
description | More than a year after the first vaccines against the novel SARS-CoV-2 were approved, many questions still remain about the long-term protection conferred by each vaccine. How long the effect lasts, how effective it is against variants of concern and whether further vaccinations will confer additional benefits remain part of current and future research. For this purpose, we examined 182 health care employees—some of them with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection—12 months after different primary immunizations. To assess antibody responses, we performed an electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) to determine anti-spike IgGs, followed by a surrogate virus neutralization assay against Wuhan-Hu-1 and B.1.1.529/BA.1 (Omicron). T cell response against wild-type and the Omicron variants of concern were assessed via interferon-gamma ELISpot assays and T-cell surface and intracellular cytokine staining. In summary, our results show that after the third vaccination with an mRNA vaccine, differences in antibody quantity and functionality observed after different primary immunizations were equalized. As for the T cell response, we were able to demonstrate a memory function for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells alike. Importantly, both T and antibody responses against wild-type and omicron differed significantly; however, antibody and T cell responses did not correlate with each other and, thus, may contribute differentially to immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9500953 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95009532022-09-24 Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition Mai, Franz Volzke, Johann Reisinger, Emil C. Müller-Hilke, Brigitte Vaccines (Basel) Article More than a year after the first vaccines against the novel SARS-CoV-2 were approved, many questions still remain about the long-term protection conferred by each vaccine. How long the effect lasts, how effective it is against variants of concern and whether further vaccinations will confer additional benefits remain part of current and future research. For this purpose, we examined 182 health care employees—some of them with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection—12 months after different primary immunizations. To assess antibody responses, we performed an electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA) to determine anti-spike IgGs, followed by a surrogate virus neutralization assay against Wuhan-Hu-1 and B.1.1.529/BA.1 (Omicron). T cell response against wild-type and the Omicron variants of concern were assessed via interferon-gamma ELISpot assays and T-cell surface and intracellular cytokine staining. In summary, our results show that after the third vaccination with an mRNA vaccine, differences in antibody quantity and functionality observed after different primary immunizations were equalized. As for the T cell response, we were able to demonstrate a memory function for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells alike. Importantly, both T and antibody responses against wild-type and omicron differed significantly; however, antibody and T cell responses did not correlate with each other and, thus, may contribute differentially to immunity. MDPI 2022-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9500953/ /pubmed/36146641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091563 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mai, Franz Volzke, Johann Reisinger, Emil C. Müller-Hilke, Brigitte Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition |
title | Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition |
title_full | Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition |
title_fullStr | Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition |
title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition |
title_short | Vaccine-Induced T-Cell and Antibody Responses at 12 Months after Full Vaccination Differ with Respect to Omicron Recognition |
title_sort | vaccine-induced t-cell and antibody responses at 12 months after full vaccination differ with respect to omicron recognition |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9500953/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146641 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091563 |
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