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Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix
The lack of gravitational loading is a pivotal risk factor during space flights. Biomedical studies indicate that because of the prolonged effect of microgravity, humans experience bone mass loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular insufficiency, and sensory motor coordination disorders. These findings...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501067/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143379 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091343 |
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author | Andreeva, Elena Matveeva, Diana Zhidkova, Olga Zhivodernikov, Ivan Kotov, Oleg Buravkova, Ludmila |
author_facet | Andreeva, Elena Matveeva, Diana Zhidkova, Olga Zhivodernikov, Ivan Kotov, Oleg Buravkova, Ludmila |
author_sort | Andreeva, Elena |
collection | PubMed |
description | The lack of gravitational loading is a pivotal risk factor during space flights. Biomedical studies indicate that because of the prolonged effect of microgravity, humans experience bone mass loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular insufficiency, and sensory motor coordination disorders. These findings demonstrate the essential role of gravity in human health quality. The physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of an acute response to microgravity at various levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and physiological) and subsequent adaptation are intensively studied. Under the permanent gravity of the Earth, multicellular organisms have developed a multi-component tissue mechanosensitive system which includes cellular (nucleo- and cytoskeleton) and extracellular (extracellular matrix, ECM) “mechanosensory” elements. These compartments are coordinated due to specialized integrin-based protein complexes, forming a distinctive mechanosensitive unit. Under the lack of continuous gravitational loading, this unit becomes a substrate for adaptation processes, acting as a gravisensitive unit. Since the space flight conditions limit large-scale research in space, simulation models on Earth are of particular importance for elucidating the mechanisms that provide a response to microgravity. This review describes current state of art concerning mammalian ECM as a gravisensitive unit component under real and simulated microgravity and discusses the directions of further research in this field. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9501067 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95010672022-09-24 Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix Andreeva, Elena Matveeva, Diana Zhidkova, Olga Zhivodernikov, Ivan Kotov, Oleg Buravkova, Ludmila Life (Basel) Review The lack of gravitational loading is a pivotal risk factor during space flights. Biomedical studies indicate that because of the prolonged effect of microgravity, humans experience bone mass loss, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular insufficiency, and sensory motor coordination disorders. These findings demonstrate the essential role of gravity in human health quality. The physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of an acute response to microgravity at various levels (molecular, cellular, tissue, and physiological) and subsequent adaptation are intensively studied. Under the permanent gravity of the Earth, multicellular organisms have developed a multi-component tissue mechanosensitive system which includes cellular (nucleo- and cytoskeleton) and extracellular (extracellular matrix, ECM) “mechanosensory” elements. These compartments are coordinated due to specialized integrin-based protein complexes, forming a distinctive mechanosensitive unit. Under the lack of continuous gravitational loading, this unit becomes a substrate for adaptation processes, acting as a gravisensitive unit. Since the space flight conditions limit large-scale research in space, simulation models on Earth are of particular importance for elucidating the mechanisms that provide a response to microgravity. This review describes current state of art concerning mammalian ECM as a gravisensitive unit component under real and simulated microgravity and discusses the directions of further research in this field. MDPI 2022-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9501067/ /pubmed/36143379 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091343 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Andreeva, Elena Matveeva, Diana Zhidkova, Olga Zhivodernikov, Ivan Kotov, Oleg Buravkova, Ludmila Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix |
title | Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix |
title_full | Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix |
title_fullStr | Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix |
title_full_unstemmed | Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix |
title_short | Real and Simulated Microgravity: Focus on Mammalian Extracellular Matrix |
title_sort | real and simulated microgravity: focus on mammalian extracellular matrix |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501067/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143379 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091343 |
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