Cargando…

Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation

Virus evolution is the change in the genetic structure of a viral population over time and results in the emergence of new viral variants, strains, and species with novel biological properties, including adaptation to new hosts. There are host, vector, environmental, and viral factors that contribut...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: LaTourrette, Katherine, Garcia-Ruiz, Hernan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145471
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091039
_version_ 1784795467039637504
author LaTourrette, Katherine
Garcia-Ruiz, Hernan
author_facet LaTourrette, Katherine
Garcia-Ruiz, Hernan
author_sort LaTourrette, Katherine
collection PubMed
description Virus evolution is the change in the genetic structure of a viral population over time and results in the emergence of new viral variants, strains, and species with novel biological properties, including adaptation to new hosts. There are host, vector, environmental, and viral factors that contribute to virus evolution. To achieve or fine tune compatibility and successfully establish infection, viruses adapt to a particular host species or to a group of species. However, some viruses are better able to adapt to diverse hosts, vectors, and environments. Viruses generate genetic diversity through mutation, reassortment, and recombination. Plant viruses are exposed to genetic drift and selection pressures by host and vector factors, and random variants or those with a competitive advantage are fixed in the population and mediate the emergence of new viral strains or species with novel biological properties. This process creates a footprint in the virus genome evident as the preferential accumulation of substitutions, insertions, or deletions in areas of the genome that function as determinants of host adaptation. Here, with respect to plant viruses, we review the current understanding of the sources of variation, the effect of selection, and its role in virus evolution and host adaptation.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9501407
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95014072022-09-24 Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation LaTourrette, Katherine Garcia-Ruiz, Hernan Pathogens Review Virus evolution is the change in the genetic structure of a viral population over time and results in the emergence of new viral variants, strains, and species with novel biological properties, including adaptation to new hosts. There are host, vector, environmental, and viral factors that contribute to virus evolution. To achieve or fine tune compatibility and successfully establish infection, viruses adapt to a particular host species or to a group of species. However, some viruses are better able to adapt to diverse hosts, vectors, and environments. Viruses generate genetic diversity through mutation, reassortment, and recombination. Plant viruses are exposed to genetic drift and selection pressures by host and vector factors, and random variants or those with a competitive advantage are fixed in the population and mediate the emergence of new viral strains or species with novel biological properties. This process creates a footprint in the virus genome evident as the preferential accumulation of substitutions, insertions, or deletions in areas of the genome that function as determinants of host adaptation. Here, with respect to plant viruses, we review the current understanding of the sources of variation, the effect of selection, and its role in virus evolution and host adaptation. MDPI 2022-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9501407/ /pubmed/36145471 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091039 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
LaTourrette, Katherine
Garcia-Ruiz, Hernan
Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation
title Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation
title_full Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation
title_fullStr Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation
title_short Determinants of Virus Variation, Evolution, and Host Adaptation
title_sort determinants of virus variation, evolution, and host adaptation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501407/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145471
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11091039
work_keys_str_mv AT latourrettekatherine determinantsofvirusvariationevolutionandhostadaptation
AT garciaruizhernan determinantsofvirusvariationevolutionandhostadaptation