Cargando…

Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination

Deep eutectic solvents (DES), which have low toxicity and are low cost, biodegradable, and easily synthesized, were used for the extraction of neutral red (NR) dye before its spectrophotometric analysis. DES, containing choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ullah, Sana, Haq, Hameed Ul, Salman, Muhammad, Jan, Faheem, Safi, Faisal, Arain, Muhammad Balal, Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb, Castro-Muñoz, Roberto, Boczkaj, Grzegorz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144845
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186112
_version_ 1784795487417663488
author Ullah, Sana
Haq, Hameed Ul
Salman, Muhammad
Jan, Faheem
Safi, Faisal
Arain, Muhammad Balal
Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
Castro-Muñoz, Roberto
Boczkaj, Grzegorz
author_facet Ullah, Sana
Haq, Hameed Ul
Salman, Muhammad
Jan, Faheem
Safi, Faisal
Arain, Muhammad Balal
Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
Castro-Muñoz, Roberto
Boczkaj, Grzegorz
author_sort Ullah, Sana
collection PubMed
description Deep eutectic solvents (DES), which have low toxicity and are low cost, biodegradable, and easily synthesized, were used for the extraction of neutral red (NR) dye before its spectrophotometric analysis. DES, containing choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor with a molar ratio of 1:2, was used for the extraction of NR dye from aqueous media. The possible interaction of different DESs with NR was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, a UV-visible spectrophotometer was used for the quantitative analysis. The most important parameters affecting method performance, such as pH, extraction temperature, DES type, its volume, THF volume, sonication time, and centrifugation time, were optimized. The developed method provides exceptional sensitivity in terms of LOD and LOQ, which were 2.2 and 7.3 µg/L respectively. The relative standard deviation was 1.35–1.5% (n = 10), and the pre-concentration factor was 40. The method was found to be linear in the range of 2–300 µg/L (R2 = 0.9967). The method was successfully used for the determination of NR in wastewater samples. Finally, the DES-based method presents operational simplicity, high sensitivity, and rapid determination (<5 min) compared with other analytical procedures.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9501489
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95014892022-09-24 Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination Ullah, Sana Haq, Hameed Ul Salman, Muhammad Jan, Faheem Safi, Faisal Arain, Muhammad Balal Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Castro-Muñoz, Roberto Boczkaj, Grzegorz Molecules Article Deep eutectic solvents (DES), which have low toxicity and are low cost, biodegradable, and easily synthesized, were used for the extraction of neutral red (NR) dye before its spectrophotometric analysis. DES, containing choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor with a molar ratio of 1:2, was used for the extraction of NR dye from aqueous media. The possible interaction of different DESs with NR was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Experimentally, a UV-visible spectrophotometer was used for the quantitative analysis. The most important parameters affecting method performance, such as pH, extraction temperature, DES type, its volume, THF volume, sonication time, and centrifugation time, were optimized. The developed method provides exceptional sensitivity in terms of LOD and LOQ, which were 2.2 and 7.3 µg/L respectively. The relative standard deviation was 1.35–1.5% (n = 10), and the pre-concentration factor was 40. The method was found to be linear in the range of 2–300 µg/L (R2 = 0.9967). The method was successfully used for the determination of NR in wastewater samples. Finally, the DES-based method presents operational simplicity, high sensitivity, and rapid determination (<5 min) compared with other analytical procedures. MDPI 2022-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9501489/ /pubmed/36144845 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186112 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ullah, Sana
Haq, Hameed Ul
Salman, Muhammad
Jan, Faheem
Safi, Faisal
Arain, Muhammad Balal
Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb
Castro-Muñoz, Roberto
Boczkaj, Grzegorz
Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
title Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
title_full Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
title_fullStr Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
title_short Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
title_sort ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvents (dess) for neutral red dye spectrophotometric determination
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501489/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144845
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27186112
work_keys_str_mv AT ullahsana ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT haqhameedul ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT salmanmuhammad ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT janfaheem ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT safifaisal ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT arainmuhammadbalal ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT khanmuhammadshahzeb ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT castromunozroberto ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination
AT boczkajgrzegorz ultrasoundassisteddispersiveliquidliquidmicroextractionusingdeepeutecticsolventsdessforneutralreddyespectrophotometricdetermination