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Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Alcohol is a common addictive substance and prenatal alcohol exposure could cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and can lead to various birth defects. The small teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been identified as a fine animal model in developmental biology and toxicological research. Ze...

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Autores principales: Azimian Zavareh, Parnia, Silva, Praneeth, Gimhani, Nuwanthika, Atukorallaya, Devi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501518/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136509
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10090544
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author Azimian Zavareh, Parnia
Silva, Praneeth
Gimhani, Nuwanthika
Atukorallaya, Devi
author_facet Azimian Zavareh, Parnia
Silva, Praneeth
Gimhani, Nuwanthika
Atukorallaya, Devi
author_sort Azimian Zavareh, Parnia
collection PubMed
description Alcohol is a common addictive substance and prenatal alcohol exposure could cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and can lead to various birth defects. The small teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been identified as a fine animal model in developmental biology and toxicological research. Zebrafish models are widely used to study the harmful effects of alcohol and limited studies are available on the craniofacial and skin malformations associated with FASD. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of alcohol on early zebrafish embryonic development. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neural crest cell-derived organ formation, including pharyngeal dentition, palatal bones and skin melanocytes were analysed. Whole-mount cartilage and bone staining and imaging techniques were applied to determine the effects of alcohol on the above-mentioned structures. The tooth size and shape were affected by alcohol exposure, but the number of teeth in the pharyngeal dentition was not affected. Only first-generation teeth showed size differences. The alcohol-exposed ethmoid bone, which is homologous to the human hard palate, was smaller and less dense in cell arrangement compared with the control medial ethmoid bone. The skin pigmentation defects included reduced melanocyte density, melanin contraction, smaller melanocyte surface area and aberrations in melanosome dispersion, revealing that alcohol significantly influenced and downregulated each and every step of the melanocyte developmental process. This descriptive study summarises the effects of alcohol on the development of neural crest cell-derived structures and highlights the importance of zebrafish in studying the phenotypic characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.
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spelling pubmed-95015182022-09-24 Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Azimian Zavareh, Parnia Silva, Praneeth Gimhani, Nuwanthika Atukorallaya, Devi Toxics Article Alcohol is a common addictive substance and prenatal alcohol exposure could cause fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and can lead to various birth defects. The small teleost zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been identified as a fine animal model in developmental biology and toxicological research. Zebrafish models are widely used to study the harmful effects of alcohol and limited studies are available on the craniofacial and skin malformations associated with FASD. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of alcohol on early zebrafish embryonic development. The effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on neural crest cell-derived organ formation, including pharyngeal dentition, palatal bones and skin melanocytes were analysed. Whole-mount cartilage and bone staining and imaging techniques were applied to determine the effects of alcohol on the above-mentioned structures. The tooth size and shape were affected by alcohol exposure, but the number of teeth in the pharyngeal dentition was not affected. Only first-generation teeth showed size differences. The alcohol-exposed ethmoid bone, which is homologous to the human hard palate, was smaller and less dense in cell arrangement compared with the control medial ethmoid bone. The skin pigmentation defects included reduced melanocyte density, melanin contraction, smaller melanocyte surface area and aberrations in melanosome dispersion, revealing that alcohol significantly influenced and downregulated each and every step of the melanocyte developmental process. This descriptive study summarises the effects of alcohol on the development of neural crest cell-derived structures and highlights the importance of zebrafish in studying the phenotypic characteristics of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. MDPI 2022-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC9501518/ /pubmed/36136509 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10090544 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Azimian Zavareh, Parnia
Silva, Praneeth
Gimhani, Nuwanthika
Atukorallaya, Devi
Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_full Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_fullStr Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_short Effect of Embryonic Alcohol Exposure on Craniofacial and Skin Melanocyte Development: Insights from Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
title_sort effect of embryonic alcohol exposure on craniofacial and skin melanocyte development: insights from zebrafish (danio rerio)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501518/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136509
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10090544
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