Development and Characterization of a Genetically Stable Infectious Clone for a Genotype I Isolate of Dengue Virus Serotype 1

Dengue virus (DENV) is primarily transmitted by the bite of an infected mosquito of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, and symptoms caused may range from mild dengue fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Reverse genetic system represents a valuable tool for the study of DENV virology, infection, pathogenesis, etc. Here, we generated and characterized an eukaryotic-activated full-length infectious cDNA clone for a DENV serotype 1 (DENV-1) isolate, D19044, collected in 2019. Initially, nearly the full genome was determined by sequencing overlapping RT-PCR products, and was classified to be genotype I DENV-1. D19044 wild-type cDNA clone (D19044_WT) was assembled by four subgenomic fragments, in a specific order, into a low-copy vector downstream the CMV promoter. D19044_WT released the infectious virus at a low level (1.26 × 10(3) focus forming units per milliliter [FFU/mL]) following plasmid transfection of BHK-21 cells. Further adaptation by consecutive virus passages up to passage 37, and seven amino acid substitutions (7M) were identified from passage-recovered viruses. The addition of 7M (D19044_7M) greatly improved viral titer (7.5 × 10(4) FFU/mL) in transfected BHK-21 culture, and virus infections in 293T, Huh7.5.1, and C6/36 cells were also efficient. D19044_7M plasmid was genetically stable in transformant bacteria after five transformation-purification cycles, which did not change the capacity of producing infectious virus. Moreover, the D19044_7M virus was inhibited by mycophenolic acid in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we have developed a DNA-launched full-length infectious clone for a genotype I isolate of DENV-1, with genetic stability in transformant bacteria, thus providing a useful tool for the study of DENV-1.