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Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages

SIMPLE SUMMARY: New environment-friendly strategies, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), are urgently needed to manage populations of Grapholita molesta, a serious fruit pest. When mass-rearing the insect in a factory, assessments of various appropriate quality control parameters are essenti...

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Autores principales: Su, Sha, Zhang, Xiaohe, Zhang, Jilong, Huang, Baojian, Jian, Chengzhi, Peng, Xiong, Vreysen, Marc J. B., Chen, Maohua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501558/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36135538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090837
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author Su, Sha
Zhang, Xiaohe
Zhang, Jilong
Huang, Baojian
Jian, Chengzhi
Peng, Xiong
Vreysen, Marc J. B.
Chen, Maohua
author_facet Su, Sha
Zhang, Xiaohe
Zhang, Jilong
Huang, Baojian
Jian, Chengzhi
Peng, Xiong
Vreysen, Marc J. B.
Chen, Maohua
author_sort Su, Sha
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: New environment-friendly strategies, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), are urgently needed to manage populations of Grapholita molesta, a serious fruit pest. When mass-rearing the insect in a factory, assessments of various appropriate quality control parameters are essential. Flight ability, fecundity, and ovarian development are critical quality control parameters to be measured for moths being mass-produced. In this study, we found that that the flight performance, fecundity, and ovarian development of G. molesta moths changed with age. The fecundity of G. molesta at different ages was closely related to the ovarian development. G. molesta females began to lay eggs in large numbers from the third day after emergence. It is suggested that three-day-old males are the best option for releasing G. molesta for SIT. When mass-rearing and keeping the population of the moth in factory, female moths older than three days can be used for egg-laying. ABSTRACT: Grapholita molesta is one of the most serious pests in fruits orchards. Flight performance of male insects and fecundity of female insects are important quality control parameters when moths are mass-reared for use in environment-friendly control strategies such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, information about flight performance, fecundity, and ovary development of G. molesta at different ages is scarce. In this study, we used a flight mill information system to measure the flight ability of female and male adults of G. molesta at different ages, and evaluated fecundity and ovarian development of female adults at different ages. The results demonstrated that the flight parameters (cumulative flight distance, cumulative flight time, maximum flight distance and maximum flight duration) of female and male G. molesta varied with age. Six-day-old female moths and three-day-old male moths were the strongest fliers, whereas the fecundity of one-day and two-day-old female moths was significantly lower than that of three to seven-day-old females. Five-day-old females had the highest fecundity. Their ovaries demonstrated mature eggs in the lateral and middle oviducts as of the third day post-emergence. It is suggested that the optimal age for moths to be released in SIT programs is three days, and moths older three days can be used for mass-rearing in a factory.
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spelling pubmed-95015582022-09-24 Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages Su, Sha Zhang, Xiaohe Zhang, Jilong Huang, Baojian Jian, Chengzhi Peng, Xiong Vreysen, Marc J. B. Chen, Maohua Insects Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: New environment-friendly strategies, such as the sterile insect technique (SIT), are urgently needed to manage populations of Grapholita molesta, a serious fruit pest. When mass-rearing the insect in a factory, assessments of various appropriate quality control parameters are essential. Flight ability, fecundity, and ovarian development are critical quality control parameters to be measured for moths being mass-produced. In this study, we found that that the flight performance, fecundity, and ovarian development of G. molesta moths changed with age. The fecundity of G. molesta at different ages was closely related to the ovarian development. G. molesta females began to lay eggs in large numbers from the third day after emergence. It is suggested that three-day-old males are the best option for releasing G. molesta for SIT. When mass-rearing and keeping the population of the moth in factory, female moths older than three days can be used for egg-laying. ABSTRACT: Grapholita molesta is one of the most serious pests in fruits orchards. Flight performance of male insects and fecundity of female insects are important quality control parameters when moths are mass-reared for use in environment-friendly control strategies such as the sterile insect technique (SIT). However, information about flight performance, fecundity, and ovary development of G. molesta at different ages is scarce. In this study, we used a flight mill information system to measure the flight ability of female and male adults of G. molesta at different ages, and evaluated fecundity and ovarian development of female adults at different ages. The results demonstrated that the flight parameters (cumulative flight distance, cumulative flight time, maximum flight distance and maximum flight duration) of female and male G. molesta varied with age. Six-day-old female moths and three-day-old male moths were the strongest fliers, whereas the fecundity of one-day and two-day-old female moths was significantly lower than that of three to seven-day-old females. Five-day-old females had the highest fecundity. Their ovaries demonstrated mature eggs in the lateral and middle oviducts as of the third day post-emergence. It is suggested that the optimal age for moths to be released in SIT programs is three days, and moths older three days can be used for mass-rearing in a factory. MDPI 2022-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9501558/ /pubmed/36135538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090837 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Su, Sha
Zhang, Xiaohe
Zhang, Jilong
Huang, Baojian
Jian, Chengzhi
Peng, Xiong
Vreysen, Marc J. B.
Chen, Maohua
Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages
title Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages
title_full Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages
title_fullStr Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages
title_full_unstemmed Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages
title_short Flight Performance, Fecundity, and Ovary Development of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Torticidae) at Different Ages
title_sort flight performance, fecundity, and ovary development of grapholita molesta (lepidoptera: torticidae) at different ages
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501558/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36135538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090837
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