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Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation
The demodulation algorithm based on 3 × 3 coupler in a fiber-optic hydrophone array has gained extensive attention in recent years. The traditional method uses a circulator to construct the normal path-match interferometry; however, the problem of increasing the asymmetry of the three-way signal to...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501917/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186814 |
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author | Pang, Yandong Liu, Hanjie Zhou, Ciming Huang, Junbin Gu, Hongcan Zhang, Zhiqiang |
author_facet | Pang, Yandong Liu, Hanjie Zhou, Ciming Huang, Junbin Gu, Hongcan Zhang, Zhiqiang |
author_sort | Pang, Yandong |
collection | PubMed |
description | The demodulation algorithm based on 3 × 3 coupler in a fiber-optic hydrophone array has gained extensive attention in recent years. The traditional method uses a circulator to construct the normal path-match interferometry; however, the problem of increasing the asymmetry of the three-way signal to be demodulated is easily overlooked. To provide a solution, we report a pretreatment method for hydrophone array based on 3 × 3 coupler demodulation. We use cubic spline interpolation to perform nonlinear fitting to the reflected pulse train and calculate the peak-to-peak values of the single pulse to determine the light intensity compensation coefficient of the interference signal, so as to demodulate the corrected three-way interference signal. For experimental verification, ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (uwFBGs) with reflectivity of −50 dB are applied to construct a hydrophone array with 800 sensors, and a vibratory liquid column method is set up to generate a low-frequency hydroacoustic signal. Compared to the traditional demodulation algorithm based on a 3 × 3 coupler, the pretreatment method can improve the consistency of interference signals. The Lissajous figures show that cubic spline interpolation can improve the accuracy of monopulse peak seeking results by about 1 dB, and intensity compensation can further lead to a much lower noise density level for the interference pulse amplitude—specifically, more than 7 dB at 5~50 Hz—and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by approximately 10 dB at 10 Hz. The distinct advantages of the proposed pretreatment method make it an excellent candidate for a hydrophone array system based on path-match interferometry. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9501917 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95019172022-09-24 Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation Pang, Yandong Liu, Hanjie Zhou, Ciming Huang, Junbin Gu, Hongcan Zhang, Zhiqiang Sensors (Basel) Communication The demodulation algorithm based on 3 × 3 coupler in a fiber-optic hydrophone array has gained extensive attention in recent years. The traditional method uses a circulator to construct the normal path-match interferometry; however, the problem of increasing the asymmetry of the three-way signal to be demodulated is easily overlooked. To provide a solution, we report a pretreatment method for hydrophone array based on 3 × 3 coupler demodulation. We use cubic spline interpolation to perform nonlinear fitting to the reflected pulse train and calculate the peak-to-peak values of the single pulse to determine the light intensity compensation coefficient of the interference signal, so as to demodulate the corrected three-way interference signal. For experimental verification, ultra-weak fiber Bragg gratings (uwFBGs) with reflectivity of −50 dB are applied to construct a hydrophone array with 800 sensors, and a vibratory liquid column method is set up to generate a low-frequency hydroacoustic signal. Compared to the traditional demodulation algorithm based on a 3 × 3 coupler, the pretreatment method can improve the consistency of interference signals. The Lissajous figures show that cubic spline interpolation can improve the accuracy of monopulse peak seeking results by about 1 dB, and intensity compensation can further lead to a much lower noise density level for the interference pulse amplitude—specifically, more than 7 dB at 5~50 Hz—and the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by approximately 10 dB at 10 Hz. The distinct advantages of the proposed pretreatment method make it an excellent candidate for a hydrophone array system based on path-match interferometry. MDPI 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9501917/ /pubmed/36146165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186814 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Pang, Yandong Liu, Hanjie Zhou, Ciming Huang, Junbin Gu, Hongcan Zhang, Zhiqiang Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation |
title | Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation |
title_full | Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation |
title_fullStr | Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation |
title_full_unstemmed | Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation |
title_short | Pretreatment of Ultra-Weak Fiber Bragg Grating Hydrophone Array Based on Cubic Spline Interpolation Using Intensity Compensation |
title_sort | pretreatment of ultra-weak fiber bragg grating hydrophone array based on cubic spline interpolation using intensity compensation |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501917/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22186814 |
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