P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker
Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors and stresses with time. Several factors have been attributed to aging such as oxidative stress and augmented produ...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143369 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091332 |
_version_ | 1784795594034774016 |
---|---|
author | Safwan-Zaiter, Hasan Wagner, Nicole Wagner, Kay-Dietrich |
author_facet | Safwan-Zaiter, Hasan Wagner, Nicole Wagner, Kay-Dietrich |
author_sort | Safwan-Zaiter, Hasan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors and stresses with time. Several factors have been attributed to aging such as oxidative stress and augmented production or exposure to reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines production, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and, importantly, the deposit of senescent cells. These are irreversibly mitotically inactive, yet metabolically active cells. The reason underlying their senescence lies within the extrinsic and the intrinsic arms. The extrinsic arm is mainly characterized by the expression and the secretory profile known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The intrinsic arm results from the impact of several genes meant to regulate the cell cycle, such as tumor suppressor genes. P16(INK4A) is a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator that has been linked to aging and senescence. Extensive research has revealed that p16 expression is significantly increased in senescent cells, as well as during natural aging or age-related pathologies. Based on this fact, p16 is considered as a specific biomarker for detecting senescent cells and aging. Other studies have found that p16 is not only a senescence marker, but also a protein with many functions outside of senescence and aging. In this paper, we discuss and shed light on several studies that show the different functions of p16 and provide insights in its role in several biological processes besides senescence and aging. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9501954 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95019542022-09-24 P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker Safwan-Zaiter, Hasan Wagner, Nicole Wagner, Kay-Dietrich Life (Basel) Review Aging is a biological feature that is characterized by gradual degeneration of function in cells, tissues, organs, or an intact organism due to the accumulation of environmental factors and stresses with time. Several factors have been attributed to aging such as oxidative stress and augmented production or exposure to reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines production, telomere shortening, DNA damage, and, importantly, the deposit of senescent cells. These are irreversibly mitotically inactive, yet metabolically active cells. The reason underlying their senescence lies within the extrinsic and the intrinsic arms. The extrinsic arm is mainly characterized by the expression and the secretory profile known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The intrinsic arm results from the impact of several genes meant to regulate the cell cycle, such as tumor suppressor genes. P16(INK4A) is a tumor suppressor and cell cycle regulator that has been linked to aging and senescence. Extensive research has revealed that p16 expression is significantly increased in senescent cells, as well as during natural aging or age-related pathologies. Based on this fact, p16 is considered as a specific biomarker for detecting senescent cells and aging. Other studies have found that p16 is not only a senescence marker, but also a protein with many functions outside of senescence and aging. In this paper, we discuss and shed light on several studies that show the different functions of p16 and provide insights in its role in several biological processes besides senescence and aging. MDPI 2022-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9501954/ /pubmed/36143369 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091332 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Safwan-Zaiter, Hasan Wagner, Nicole Wagner, Kay-Dietrich P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker |
title | P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker |
title_full | P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker |
title_fullStr | P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker |
title_full_unstemmed | P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker |
title_short | P16INK4A—More Than a Senescence Marker |
title_sort | p16ink4a—more than a senescence marker |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501954/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143369 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12091332 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT safwanzaiterhasan p16ink4amorethanasenescencemarker AT wagnernicole p16ink4amorethanasenescencemarker AT wagnerkaydietrich p16ink4amorethanasenescencemarker |