Cargando…

A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide

HIGHLIGHTS: An environmentally friendly MAX phase etching methodology was established. Sodium hydroxide produced magnetic layered M.Ti(2)CT(x) nanostructure. M.Ti(2)C-A(III) exhibited exceptional Sr(2)(+) and Cs(+) removal capacities of 376 and 142.88 mg/g. Highly efficient magnetic nanostructures p...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Iqbal, Jibran, Rasool, Kashif, Howari, Fares, Nazzal, Yousef, Sarkar, Tapati, Shahzad, Asif
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9502560/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145041
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183253
_version_ 1784795736340168704
author Iqbal, Jibran
Rasool, Kashif
Howari, Fares
Nazzal, Yousef
Sarkar, Tapati
Shahzad, Asif
author_facet Iqbal, Jibran
Rasool, Kashif
Howari, Fares
Nazzal, Yousef
Sarkar, Tapati
Shahzad, Asif
author_sort Iqbal, Jibran
collection PubMed
description HIGHLIGHTS: An environmentally friendly MAX phase etching methodology was established. Sodium hydroxide produced magnetic layered M.Ti(2)CT(x) nanostructure. M.Ti(2)C-A(III) exhibited exceptional Sr(2)(+) and Cs(+) removal capacities of 376 and 142.88 mg/g. Highly efficient magnetic nanostructures permitted selective radionuclide removal. ABSTRACT: MAX phases are the parent materials used for the formation of MXenes, and are generally obtained by etching using the highly corrosive acid HF. To develop a more environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of MXenes, in this work, titanium aluminum carbide MAX phase (Ti(2)AlC) was fabricated and etched using NaOH. Further, magnetic properties were induced during the etching process in a single-step etching process that led to the formation of a magnetic composite. By carefully controlling etching conditions such as etching agent concentration and time, different structures could be produced (denoted as M.Ti(2)CT(x)). Magnetic nanostructures with unique physico-chemical characteristics, including a large number of binding sites, were utilized to adsorb radionuclide Sr(2+) and Cs(+) cations from different matrices, including deionized, tap, and seawater. The produced adsorbents were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized materials were found to be very stable in the aqueous phase, compared with corrosive acid-etched MXenes, acquiring a distinctive structure with oxygen-containing functional moieties. Sr(2+) and Cs(+) removal efficiencies of M.Ti(2)CT(x) were assessed via conventional batch adsorption experiments. M.Ti(2)CT(x)-A(III) showed the highest adsorption performance among other M.Ti(2)CT(x) phases, with maximum adsorption capacities of 376.05 and 142.88 mg/g for Sr(2+) and Cs(+), respectively, which are among the highest adsorption capacities reported for comparable adsorbents such as graphene oxide and MXenes. Moreover, in seawater, the removal efficiencies for Sr(2+) and Cs(+) were greater than 93% and 31%, respectively. Analysis of the removal mechanism validates the electrostatic interactions between M.Ti(2)C-A(III) and radionuclides.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9502560
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95025602022-09-24 A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide Iqbal, Jibran Rasool, Kashif Howari, Fares Nazzal, Yousef Sarkar, Tapati Shahzad, Asif Nanomaterials (Basel) Article HIGHLIGHTS: An environmentally friendly MAX phase etching methodology was established. Sodium hydroxide produced magnetic layered M.Ti(2)CT(x) nanostructure. M.Ti(2)C-A(III) exhibited exceptional Sr(2)(+) and Cs(+) removal capacities of 376 and 142.88 mg/g. Highly efficient magnetic nanostructures permitted selective radionuclide removal. ABSTRACT: MAX phases are the parent materials used for the formation of MXenes, and are generally obtained by etching using the highly corrosive acid HF. To develop a more environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of MXenes, in this work, titanium aluminum carbide MAX phase (Ti(2)AlC) was fabricated and etched using NaOH. Further, magnetic properties were induced during the etching process in a single-step etching process that led to the formation of a magnetic composite. By carefully controlling etching conditions such as etching agent concentration and time, different structures could be produced (denoted as M.Ti(2)CT(x)). Magnetic nanostructures with unique physico-chemical characteristics, including a large number of binding sites, were utilized to adsorb radionuclide Sr(2+) and Cs(+) cations from different matrices, including deionized, tap, and seawater. The produced adsorbents were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesized materials were found to be very stable in the aqueous phase, compared with corrosive acid-etched MXenes, acquiring a distinctive structure with oxygen-containing functional moieties. Sr(2+) and Cs(+) removal efficiencies of M.Ti(2)CT(x) were assessed via conventional batch adsorption experiments. M.Ti(2)CT(x)-A(III) showed the highest adsorption performance among other M.Ti(2)CT(x) phases, with maximum adsorption capacities of 376.05 and 142.88 mg/g for Sr(2+) and Cs(+), respectively, which are among the highest adsorption capacities reported for comparable adsorbents such as graphene oxide and MXenes. Moreover, in seawater, the removal efficiencies for Sr(2+) and Cs(+) were greater than 93% and 31%, respectively. Analysis of the removal mechanism validates the electrostatic interactions between M.Ti(2)C-A(III) and radionuclides. MDPI 2022-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9502560/ /pubmed/36145041 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183253 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Iqbal, Jibran
Rasool, Kashif
Howari, Fares
Nazzal, Yousef
Sarkar, Tapati
Shahzad, Asif
A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide
title A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide
title_full A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide
title_fullStr A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide
title_full_unstemmed A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide
title_short A Hydrofluoric Acid-Free Green Synthesis of Magnetic M.Ti(2)CT(x) Nanostructures for the Sequestration of Cesium and Strontium Radionuclide
title_sort hydrofluoric acid-free green synthesis of magnetic m.ti(2)ct(x) nanostructures for the sequestration of cesium and strontium radionuclide
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9502560/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145041
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183253
work_keys_str_mv AT iqbaljibran ahydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT rasoolkashif ahydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT howarifares ahydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT nazzalyousef ahydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT sarkartapati ahydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT shahzadasif ahydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT iqbaljibran hydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT rasoolkashif hydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT howarifares hydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT nazzalyousef hydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT sarkartapati hydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide
AT shahzadasif hydrofluoricacidfreegreensynthesisofmagneticmti2ctxnanostructuresforthesequestrationofcesiumandstrontiumradionuclide