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Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection
Safe sample transport is of great importance for infectious diseases diagnostics. Various treatments and buffers are used to inactivate pathogens in diagnostic samples. At the same time, adequate sample preservation, particularly of nucleic acids, is essential to allow an accurate laboratory diagnos...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503123/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091924 |
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author | Keck, Hanna Litz, Benedikt Hoffmann, Bernd Sehl-Ewert, Julia Beer, Martin Eschbaumer, Michael |
author_facet | Keck, Hanna Litz, Benedikt Hoffmann, Bernd Sehl-Ewert, Julia Beer, Martin Eschbaumer, Michael |
author_sort | Keck, Hanna |
collection | PubMed |
description | Safe sample transport is of great importance for infectious diseases diagnostics. Various treatments and buffers are used to inactivate pathogens in diagnostic samples. At the same time, adequate sample preservation, particularly of nucleic acids, is essential to allow an accurate laboratory diagnosis. For viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), however, naked full-length viral RNA can itself be infectious. In order to assess the risk of infection from inactivated FMDV samples, two animal experiments were performed. In the first trial, six cattle were injected with FMDV RNA (isolate A(22)/IRQ/24/64) into the tongue epithelium. All animals developed clinical disease within two days and FMDV was reisolated from serum and saliva samples. In the second trial, another group of six cattle was exposed to FMDV RNA by instilling it on the tongue and spraying it into the nose. The animals were observed for 10 days after exposure. All animals remained clinically unremarkable and virus isolation as well as FMDV genome detection in serum and saliva were negative. No transfection reagent was used for any of the animal inoculations. In conclusion, cattle can be infected by injection with naked FMDV RNA, but not by non-invasive exposure to the RNA. Inactivated FMDV samples that contain full-length viral RNA carry only a negligible risk of infecting animals. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9503123 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95031232022-09-24 Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection Keck, Hanna Litz, Benedikt Hoffmann, Bernd Sehl-Ewert, Julia Beer, Martin Eschbaumer, Michael Viruses Article Safe sample transport is of great importance for infectious diseases diagnostics. Various treatments and buffers are used to inactivate pathogens in diagnostic samples. At the same time, adequate sample preservation, particularly of nucleic acids, is essential to allow an accurate laboratory diagnosis. For viruses with single-stranded RNA genomes of positive polarity, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), however, naked full-length viral RNA can itself be infectious. In order to assess the risk of infection from inactivated FMDV samples, two animal experiments were performed. In the first trial, six cattle were injected with FMDV RNA (isolate A(22)/IRQ/24/64) into the tongue epithelium. All animals developed clinical disease within two days and FMDV was reisolated from serum and saliva samples. In the second trial, another group of six cattle was exposed to FMDV RNA by instilling it on the tongue and spraying it into the nose. The animals were observed for 10 days after exposure. All animals remained clinically unremarkable and virus isolation as well as FMDV genome detection in serum and saliva were negative. No transfection reagent was used for any of the animal inoculations. In conclusion, cattle can be infected by injection with naked FMDV RNA, but not by non-invasive exposure to the RNA. Inactivated FMDV samples that contain full-length viral RNA carry only a negligible risk of infecting animals. MDPI 2022-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9503123/ /pubmed/36146730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091924 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Keck, Hanna Litz, Benedikt Hoffmann, Bernd Sehl-Ewert, Julia Beer, Martin Eschbaumer, Michael Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection |
title | Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection |
title_full | Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection |
title_fullStr | Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection |
title_full_unstemmed | Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection |
title_short | Full-Length Genomic RNA of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Is Infectious for Cattle by Injection |
title_sort | full-length genomic rna of foot-and-mouth disease virus is infectious for cattle by injection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503123/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146730 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091924 |
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