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Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome

As a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly affects personal health and imposes a substantial economic burden on society, but the current understanding of its occurrence and treatment is still inadequate. Emerging evidence suggests that IBS is assoc...

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Autores principales: Liu, Ao, Gao, Wenkang, Zhu, Yixin, Hou, Xiaohua, Chu, Huikuan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090596
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author Liu, Ao
Gao, Wenkang
Zhu, Yixin
Hou, Xiaohua
Chu, Huikuan
author_facet Liu, Ao
Gao, Wenkang
Zhu, Yixin
Hou, Xiaohua
Chu, Huikuan
author_sort Liu, Ao
collection PubMed
description As a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly affects personal health and imposes a substantial economic burden on society, but the current understanding of its occurrence and treatment is still inadequate. Emerging evidence suggests that IBS is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, but most studies focus on the bacteria and neglect other communities of the microbiota, including fungi, viruses, archaea, and other parasitic microorganisms. This review summarizes the latest findings that link the nonbacterial microbiota with IBS. IBS patients show less fungal and viral diversity but some alterations in mycobiome, virome, and archaeome, such as an increased abundance of Candida albicans. Moreover, fungi and methanogens can aid in diagnosis. Fungi are related to distinct IBS symptoms and induce immune responses, intestinal barrier disruption, and visceral hypersensitivity via specific receptors, cells, and metabolites. Novel therapeutic methods for IBS include fungicides, inhibitors targeting fungal pathogenic pathways, probiotic fungi, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Additionally, viruses, methanogens, and parasitic microorganisms are also involved in the pathophysiology and treatment. Therefore, the gut nonbacterial microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of IBS, which provides a novel perspective on the noninvasive diagnosis and precise treatment of this disease.
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spelling pubmed-95032332022-09-24 Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome Liu, Ao Gao, Wenkang Zhu, Yixin Hou, Xiaohua Chu, Huikuan Toxins (Basel) Review As a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly affects personal health and imposes a substantial economic burden on society, but the current understanding of its occurrence and treatment is still inadequate. Emerging evidence suggests that IBS is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, but most studies focus on the bacteria and neglect other communities of the microbiota, including fungi, viruses, archaea, and other parasitic microorganisms. This review summarizes the latest findings that link the nonbacterial microbiota with IBS. IBS patients show less fungal and viral diversity but some alterations in mycobiome, virome, and archaeome, such as an increased abundance of Candida albicans. Moreover, fungi and methanogens can aid in diagnosis. Fungi are related to distinct IBS symptoms and induce immune responses, intestinal barrier disruption, and visceral hypersensitivity via specific receptors, cells, and metabolites. Novel therapeutic methods for IBS include fungicides, inhibitors targeting fungal pathogenic pathways, probiotic fungi, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. Additionally, viruses, methanogens, and parasitic microorganisms are also involved in the pathophysiology and treatment. Therefore, the gut nonbacterial microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of IBS, which provides a novel perspective on the noninvasive diagnosis and precise treatment of this disease. MDPI 2022-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9503233/ /pubmed/36136534 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090596 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Liu, Ao
Gao, Wenkang
Zhu, Yixin
Hou, Xiaohua
Chu, Huikuan
Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
title Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
title_full Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
title_fullStr Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
title_full_unstemmed Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
title_short Gut Non-Bacterial Microbiota: Emerging Link to Irritable Bowel Syndrome
title_sort gut non-bacterial microbiota: emerging link to irritable bowel syndrome
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503233/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136534
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090596
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