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Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales)
The genus Pyrenophora includes two important cereal crop foliar pathogens and a large number of less well-known species, many of which are also grass pathogens. Only a few of these have been examined in terms of secondary metabolite production, yet even these few species have yielded a remarkable ar...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503419/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136526 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090588 |
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author | Masi, Marco Zorrilla, Jesús García Meyer, Susan |
author_facet | Masi, Marco Zorrilla, Jesús García Meyer, Susan |
author_sort | Masi, Marco |
collection | PubMed |
description | The genus Pyrenophora includes two important cereal crop foliar pathogens and a large number of less well-known species, many of which are also grass pathogens. Only a few of these have been examined in terms of secondary metabolite production, yet even these few species have yielded a remarkable array of bioactive metabolites that include compounds produced through each of the major biosynthetic pathways. There is little overlap among species in the compounds identified. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis produces protein toxin effectors that mediate host-specific responses as well as spirocyclic lactams and at least one anthraquinone. Pyrenophora teres produces marasmine amino acid and isoquinoline derivatives involved in pathogenesis on barley as well as nonenolides with antifungal activity, while P. semeniperda produces cytochalasans and sesquiterpenoids implicated in pathogenesis on seeds as well as spirocyclic lactams with phytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Less well-known species have produced some unusual macrocyclic compounds in addition to a diverse array of anthraquinones. For the three best-studied species, in silico genome mining has predicted the existence of biosynthetic pathways for a much larger array of potentially toxic secondary metabolites than has yet been produced in culture. Most compounds identified to date have potentially useful biological activity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9503419 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95034192022-09-24 Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) Masi, Marco Zorrilla, Jesús García Meyer, Susan Toxins (Basel) Review The genus Pyrenophora includes two important cereal crop foliar pathogens and a large number of less well-known species, many of which are also grass pathogens. Only a few of these have been examined in terms of secondary metabolite production, yet even these few species have yielded a remarkable array of bioactive metabolites that include compounds produced through each of the major biosynthetic pathways. There is little overlap among species in the compounds identified. Pyrenophora tritici-repentis produces protein toxin effectors that mediate host-specific responses as well as spirocyclic lactams and at least one anthraquinone. Pyrenophora teres produces marasmine amino acid and isoquinoline derivatives involved in pathogenesis on barley as well as nonenolides with antifungal activity, while P. semeniperda produces cytochalasans and sesquiterpenoids implicated in pathogenesis on seeds as well as spirocyclic lactams with phytotoxic and antibacterial activity. Less well-known species have produced some unusual macrocyclic compounds in addition to a diverse array of anthraquinones. For the three best-studied species, in silico genome mining has predicted the existence of biosynthetic pathways for a much larger array of potentially toxic secondary metabolites than has yet been produced in culture. Most compounds identified to date have potentially useful biological activity. MDPI 2022-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9503419/ /pubmed/36136526 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090588 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Masi, Marco Zorrilla, Jesús García Meyer, Susan Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) |
title | Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) |
title_full | Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) |
title_fullStr | Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) |
title_full_unstemmed | Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) |
title_short | Bioactive Metabolite Production in the Genus Pyrenophora (Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales) |
title_sort | bioactive metabolite production in the genus pyrenophora (pleosporaceae, pleosporales) |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503419/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136526 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins14090588 |
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