Cargando…
Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66
In this study, the flame retardant effect of the Zn salt of 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (Zn-DOPOx), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and their mixture was investigated towards the mode of action in glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 (PA 66 GF). The flammability was eva...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503550/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145861 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183709 |
_version_ | 1784795991410475008 |
---|---|
author | Klitsch, Johannes Pfaendner, Rudolf Fasel, Claudia Schönberger, Frank |
author_facet | Klitsch, Johannes Pfaendner, Rudolf Fasel, Claudia Schönberger, Frank |
author_sort | Klitsch, Johannes |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, the flame retardant effect of the Zn salt of 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (Zn-DOPOx), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and their mixture was investigated towards the mode of action in glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 (PA 66 GF). The flammability was evaluated using UL 94 V and cone calorimetry. Influence on char formation was analyzed by SEM. Thermal decomposition of Zn-DOPOx and MPP was studied by TGA and ATR-FTIR. The release of gaseous PA 66 decomposition products was investigated using TGA-DTA-FTIR. Combining Zn-DOPOx and MPP leads to an improvement in flame retardancy, most pronounced for equal parts of weight. Mode of action changes significantly for Zn-DOPOx:MPP (1:1) compared to the sole components and a strong interaction between Zn-DOPOx and MPP is revealed, resulting in a more open char structure. Fuel dilution as well as less exothermic decomposition are essential for the mode of action of the combination. Through low HRR values and high CO/CO(2) ratio during cone calorimetry measurements, a significant increase in gas phase activity was proven. Therefore, it is concluded that Zn-DOPOx:MPP (1:1) leads to a significant increase in flame retardancy through a combination of mode of actions in the gas and condensed phase resulting from the change in thermal stability. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9503550 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95035502022-09-24 Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 Klitsch, Johannes Pfaendner, Rudolf Fasel, Claudia Schönberger, Frank Polymers (Basel) Article In this study, the flame retardant effect of the Zn salt of 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (Zn-DOPOx), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and their mixture was investigated towards the mode of action in glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 (PA 66 GF). The flammability was evaluated using UL 94 V and cone calorimetry. Influence on char formation was analyzed by SEM. Thermal decomposition of Zn-DOPOx and MPP was studied by TGA and ATR-FTIR. The release of gaseous PA 66 decomposition products was investigated using TGA-DTA-FTIR. Combining Zn-DOPOx and MPP leads to an improvement in flame retardancy, most pronounced for equal parts of weight. Mode of action changes significantly for Zn-DOPOx:MPP (1:1) compared to the sole components and a strong interaction between Zn-DOPOx and MPP is revealed, resulting in a more open char structure. Fuel dilution as well as less exothermic decomposition are essential for the mode of action of the combination. Through low HRR values and high CO/CO(2) ratio during cone calorimetry measurements, a significant increase in gas phase activity was proven. Therefore, it is concluded that Zn-DOPOx:MPP (1:1) leads to a significant increase in flame retardancy through a combination of mode of actions in the gas and condensed phase resulting from the change in thermal stability. MDPI 2022-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9503550/ /pubmed/36145861 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183709 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Klitsch, Johannes Pfaendner, Rudolf Fasel, Claudia Schönberger, Frank Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 |
title | Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 |
title_full | Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 |
title_fullStr | Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 |
title_full_unstemmed | Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 |
title_short | Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66 |
title_sort | mode of action of zn-dopox and melamine polyphosphate as flame retardants in glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503550/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145861 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183709 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT klitschjohannes modeofactionofzndopoxandmelaminepolyphosphateasflameretardantsinglassfiberreinforcedpolyamide66 AT pfaendnerrudolf modeofactionofzndopoxandmelaminepolyphosphateasflameretardantsinglassfiberreinforcedpolyamide66 AT faselclaudia modeofactionofzndopoxandmelaminepolyphosphateasflameretardantsinglassfiberreinforcedpolyamide66 AT schonbergerfrank modeofactionofzndopoxandmelaminepolyphosphateasflameretardantsinglassfiberreinforcedpolyamide66 |