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Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals

Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of in...

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Autores principales: Ncube, Pamela, Bagheri, Bahareh, Goosen, Wynand Johan, Miller, Michele Ann, Sampson, Samantha Leigh
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144447
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845
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author Ncube, Pamela
Bagheri, Bahareh
Goosen, Wynand Johan
Miller, Michele Ann
Sampson, Samantha Leigh
author_facet Ncube, Pamela
Bagheri, Bahareh
Goosen, Wynand Johan
Miller, Michele Ann
Sampson, Samantha Leigh
author_sort Ncube, Pamela
collection PubMed
description Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB.
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spelling pubmed-95037732022-09-24 Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals Ncube, Pamela Bagheri, Bahareh Goosen, Wynand Johan Miller, Michele Ann Sampson, Samantha Leigh Microorganisms Review Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB. MDPI 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9503773/ /pubmed/36144447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ncube, Pamela
Bagheri, Bahareh
Goosen, Wynand Johan
Miller, Michele Ann
Sampson, Samantha Leigh
Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
title Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
title_full Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
title_fullStr Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
title_full_unstemmed Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
title_short Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
title_sort evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding latent tuberculosis in animals
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503773/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144447
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845
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