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Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals
Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of in...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503773/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845 |
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author | Ncube, Pamela Bagheri, Bahareh Goosen, Wynand Johan Miller, Michele Ann Sampson, Samantha Leigh |
author_facet | Ncube, Pamela Bagheri, Bahareh Goosen, Wynand Johan Miller, Michele Ann Sampson, Samantha Leigh |
author_sort | Ncube, Pamela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9503773 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95037732022-09-24 Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals Ncube, Pamela Bagheri, Bahareh Goosen, Wynand Johan Miller, Michele Ann Sampson, Samantha Leigh Microorganisms Review Mycobacterium bovis and other Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) pathogens that cause domestic animal and wildlife tuberculosis have received considerably less attention than M. tuberculosis, the primary cause of human tuberculosis (TB). Human TB studies have shown that different stages of infection can exist, driven by host–pathogen interactions. This results in the emergence of heterogeneous subpopulations of mycobacteria in different phenotypic states, which range from actively replicating (AR) cells to viable but slowly or non-replicating (VBNR), viable but non-culturable (VBNC), and dormant mycobacteria. The VBNR, VBNC, and dormant subpopulations are believed to underlie latent tuberculosis (LTB) in humans; however, it is unclear if a similar phenomenon could be happening in animals. This review discusses the evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding LTB in animals, and possible host–pathogen differences in the MTBC strains M. tuberculosis and M. bovis during infection. We further consider models that might be adapted from human TB research to investigate how the different phenotypic states of bacteria could influence TB stages in animals. In addition, we explore potential host biomarkers and mycobacterial changes in the DosR regulon, transcriptional sigma factors, and resuscitation-promoting factors that may influence the development of LTB. MDPI 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9503773/ /pubmed/36144447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ncube, Pamela Bagheri, Bahareh Goosen, Wynand Johan Miller, Michele Ann Sampson, Samantha Leigh Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals |
title | Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals |
title_full | Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals |
title_fullStr | Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals |
title_full_unstemmed | Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals |
title_short | Evidence, Challenges, and Knowledge Gaps Regarding Latent Tuberculosis in Animals |
title_sort | evidence, challenges, and knowledge gaps regarding latent tuberculosis in animals |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503773/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144447 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10091845 |
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