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Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The globalization of trade and travel, in combination with climate change, have resulted in the geographical expansion of mosquito-borne diseases. Moreover, over-reliance on chemical pesticides to control mosquitoes has resulted in resistance, which threatens the management of diseas...

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Autores principales: Jahir, Akib, Kahamba, Najat F., Knols, Tom O., Jackson, Gordon, Patty, Nila F. A., Shivdasani, Sonu, Okumu, Fredros O., Knols, Bart G. J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36135506
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090805
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author Jahir, Akib
Kahamba, Najat F.
Knols, Tom O.
Jackson, Gordon
Patty, Nila F. A.
Shivdasani, Sonu
Okumu, Fredros O.
Knols, Bart G. J.
author_facet Jahir, Akib
Kahamba, Najat F.
Knols, Tom O.
Jackson, Gordon
Patty, Nila F. A.
Shivdasani, Sonu
Okumu, Fredros O.
Knols, Bart G. J.
author_sort Jahir, Akib
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The globalization of trade and travel, in combination with climate change, have resulted in the geographical expansion of mosquito-borne diseases. Moreover, over-reliance on chemical pesticides to control mosquitoes has resulted in resistance, which threatens the management of disease risk. We show, for the first time, that mosquito traps baited with human odors, in combination with controlling mosquito larvae in breeding sites, resulted in the near elimination of mosquito populations on two small islands, and the elimination of Aedes mosquitoes for 6+ months on a third island, in the Maldives. The levels of control achieved are comparable to current genetic control methods that are far more costly and impractical for implementation on small islands. The approach presented here poses the first alternative in decades to manage mosquito-borne disease risk on small (tropical) islands in an affordable and environmentally friendly manner. ABSTRACT: Globally, environmental impacts and insecticide resistance are forcing pest control organizations to adopt eco-friendly and insecticide-free alternatives to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases, which affect millions of people, such as dengue, chikungunya or Zika virus. We used, for the first time, a combination of human odor-baited mosquito traps (at 6.0 traps/ha), oviposition traps (7.2 traps/ha) and larval source management (LSM) to practically eliminate populations of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (peak suppression 93.0% (95% CI 91.7–94.4)) and the Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (peak suppression 98.3% (95% CI 97.0–99.5)) from a Maldivian island (size: 41.4 ha) within a year and thereafter observed a similar collapse of populations on a second island (size 49.0 ha; trap densities 4.1/ha and 8.2/ha for both trap types, respectively). On a third island (1.6 ha in size), we increased the human odor-baited trap density to 6.3/ha and then to 18.8/ha (combined with LSM but without oviposition traps), after which the Aedes mosquito population was eliminated within 2 months. Such suppression levels eliminate the risk of arboviral disease transmission for local communities and safeguard tourism, a vital economic resource for small island developing states. Terminating intense insecticide use (through fogging) benefits human and environmental health and restores insect biodiversity, coral reefs and marine life in these small and fragile island ecosystems. Moreover, trapping poses a convincing alternative to chemical control and reaches impact levels comparable to contemporary genetic control strategies. This can benefit numerous communities and provide livelihood options in small tropical islands around the world where mosquitoes pose both a nuisance and disease threat.
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spelling pubmed-95039842022-09-24 Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands Jahir, Akib Kahamba, Najat F. Knols, Tom O. Jackson, Gordon Patty, Nila F. A. Shivdasani, Sonu Okumu, Fredros O. Knols, Bart G. J. Insects Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The globalization of trade and travel, in combination with climate change, have resulted in the geographical expansion of mosquito-borne diseases. Moreover, over-reliance on chemical pesticides to control mosquitoes has resulted in resistance, which threatens the management of disease risk. We show, for the first time, that mosquito traps baited with human odors, in combination with controlling mosquito larvae in breeding sites, resulted in the near elimination of mosquito populations on two small islands, and the elimination of Aedes mosquitoes for 6+ months on a third island, in the Maldives. The levels of control achieved are comparable to current genetic control methods that are far more costly and impractical for implementation on small islands. The approach presented here poses the first alternative in decades to manage mosquito-borne disease risk on small (tropical) islands in an affordable and environmentally friendly manner. ABSTRACT: Globally, environmental impacts and insecticide resistance are forcing pest control organizations to adopt eco-friendly and insecticide-free alternatives to reduce the risk of mosquito-borne diseases, which affect millions of people, such as dengue, chikungunya or Zika virus. We used, for the first time, a combination of human odor-baited mosquito traps (at 6.0 traps/ha), oviposition traps (7.2 traps/ha) and larval source management (LSM) to practically eliminate populations of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (peak suppression 93.0% (95% CI 91.7–94.4)) and the Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (peak suppression 98.3% (95% CI 97.0–99.5)) from a Maldivian island (size: 41.4 ha) within a year and thereafter observed a similar collapse of populations on a second island (size 49.0 ha; trap densities 4.1/ha and 8.2/ha for both trap types, respectively). On a third island (1.6 ha in size), we increased the human odor-baited trap density to 6.3/ha and then to 18.8/ha (combined with LSM but without oviposition traps), after which the Aedes mosquito population was eliminated within 2 months. Such suppression levels eliminate the risk of arboviral disease transmission for local communities and safeguard tourism, a vital economic resource for small island developing states. Terminating intense insecticide use (through fogging) benefits human and environmental health and restores insect biodiversity, coral reefs and marine life in these small and fragile island ecosystems. Moreover, trapping poses a convincing alternative to chemical control and reaches impact levels comparable to contemporary genetic control strategies. This can benefit numerous communities and provide livelihood options in small tropical islands around the world where mosquitoes pose both a nuisance and disease threat. MDPI 2022-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC9503984/ /pubmed/36135506 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090805 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jahir, Akib
Kahamba, Najat F.
Knols, Tom O.
Jackson, Gordon
Patty, Nila F. A.
Shivdasani, Sonu
Okumu, Fredros O.
Knols, Bart G. J.
Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands
title Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands
title_full Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands
title_fullStr Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands
title_full_unstemmed Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands
title_short Mass Trapping and Larval Source Management for Mosquito Elimination on Small Maldivian Islands
title_sort mass trapping and larval source management for mosquito elimination on small maldivian islands
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9503984/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36135506
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090805
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