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Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets
Pharmacogenetics—a branch of precision medicine—holds the promise of becoming a novel tool to reduce the social and healthcare burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes. The improvement in cardiovascular risk stratification resulting from adding genetic ch...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504677/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143187 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091402 |
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author | Morieri, Mario Luca Pipino, Caterina Doria, Alessandro |
author_facet | Morieri, Mario Luca Pipino, Caterina Doria, Alessandro |
author_sort | Morieri, Mario Luca |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pharmacogenetics—a branch of precision medicine—holds the promise of becoming a novel tool to reduce the social and healthcare burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes. The improvement in cardiovascular risk stratification resulting from adding genetic characteristics to clinical data has moved from the modest results obtained with genetic risk scores based on few genetic variants, to the progressively better performances of polygenic risk scores based on hundreds to millions of variants (CAD-PGRS). Similarly, over the past few years, the number of studies investigating the use of CAD-PGRS to identify different responses to cardio-preventive treatment has progressively increased, yielding striking results for lipid-lowering drugs such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and statins. The use of CAD-PGRS to stratify patients based on their likely response to diabetes-specific interventions has been less successful, but promising results have been obtained with regard to specific genetic variants modulating the effects of interventions such as intensive glycemic control and fenofibrate. The finding of diabetes-specific CAD-loci, such as GLUL, has also led to the identification of promising new targets that might hopefully result in the development of specific therapies to reduce CVD burden in patients with diabetes. As reported in consensus statements from international diabetes societies, some of these pharmacogenetic approaches are expected to be introduced in clinical practice over the next decade. For this to happen, in addition to continuing to improve and validate these tools, it will be necessary to educate physicians and patients about the opportunities and limits of pharmacogenetics, as summarized in this review. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9504677 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95046772022-09-24 Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets Morieri, Mario Luca Pipino, Caterina Doria, Alessandro J Pers Med Review Pharmacogenetics—a branch of precision medicine—holds the promise of becoming a novel tool to reduce the social and healthcare burdens of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes. The improvement in cardiovascular risk stratification resulting from adding genetic characteristics to clinical data has moved from the modest results obtained with genetic risk scores based on few genetic variants, to the progressively better performances of polygenic risk scores based on hundreds to millions of variants (CAD-PGRS). Similarly, over the past few years, the number of studies investigating the use of CAD-PGRS to identify different responses to cardio-preventive treatment has progressively increased, yielding striking results for lipid-lowering drugs such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors and statins. The use of CAD-PGRS to stratify patients based on their likely response to diabetes-specific interventions has been less successful, but promising results have been obtained with regard to specific genetic variants modulating the effects of interventions such as intensive glycemic control and fenofibrate. The finding of diabetes-specific CAD-loci, such as GLUL, has also led to the identification of promising new targets that might hopefully result in the development of specific therapies to reduce CVD burden in patients with diabetes. As reported in consensus statements from international diabetes societies, some of these pharmacogenetic approaches are expected to be introduced in clinical practice over the next decade. For this to happen, in addition to continuing to improve and validate these tools, it will be necessary to educate physicians and patients about the opportunities and limits of pharmacogenetics, as summarized in this review. MDPI 2022-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9504677/ /pubmed/36143187 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091402 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Morieri, Mario Luca Pipino, Caterina Doria, Alessandro Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets |
title | Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets |
title_full | Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets |
title_fullStr | Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets |
title_full_unstemmed | Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets |
title_short | Pharmacogenetics of Cardiovascular Prevention in Diabetes: From Precision Medicine to Identification of Novel Targets |
title_sort | pharmacogenetics of cardiovascular prevention in diabetes: from precision medicine to identification of novel targets |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504677/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143187 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091402 |
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