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Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients

Beyond their pulmonary disease, many COVID-19 patients experience a complex constellation of characteristics, including hyperinflammatory responses, autoimmune disorders, and coagulopathies. However, the pathogenesis of these aspects of COVID-19 is obscure. More than 90% of people are latently infec...

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Autores principales: Brooks, Bailey, Tancredi, Christina, Song, Yufeng, Mogus, Alemu Tekewe, Huang, Meei-Li W., Zhu, Haiying, Phan, Tuan L., Zhu, Harrison, Kadl, Alexandra, Woodfolk, Judith, Jerome, Keith R., Zeichner, Steven L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091872
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author Brooks, Bailey
Tancredi, Christina
Song, Yufeng
Mogus, Alemu Tekewe
Huang, Meei-Li W.
Zhu, Haiying
Phan, Tuan L.
Zhu, Harrison
Kadl, Alexandra
Woodfolk, Judith
Jerome, Keith R.
Zeichner, Steven L.
author_facet Brooks, Bailey
Tancredi, Christina
Song, Yufeng
Mogus, Alemu Tekewe
Huang, Meei-Li W.
Zhu, Haiying
Phan, Tuan L.
Zhu, Harrison
Kadl, Alexandra
Woodfolk, Judith
Jerome, Keith R.
Zeichner, Steven L.
author_sort Brooks, Bailey
collection PubMed
description Beyond their pulmonary disease, many COVID-19 patients experience a complex constellation of characteristics, including hyperinflammatory responses, autoimmune disorders, and coagulopathies. However, the pathogenesis of these aspects of COVID-19 is obscure. More than 90% of people are latently infected with the lymphotropic herpesviruses Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and/or Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). Some of the inflammatory features of COVID-19 resemble clinical syndromes seen during EBV and HHV-6 infection, and these latent viruses can be reactivated by inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that EBV and HHV-6 reactivation might be a common feature of early COVID-19, particularly in patients with more inflammation. We tested for EBV and HHV-6 reactivation in 67 patients acutely hospitalized with COVID-19 using previously validated quantitative PCR assays on the plasma. In our cohort, we found that 15/67 (22.4%) patients had detectable EBV and 3/67 (4.5%) had detectable HHV-6. This frequency of activation is somewhat more than the frequency reported for some healthy cohorts, such as blood donors and other healthy control cohorts. There was no association between EBV or HHV-6 and markers indicative of more inflammatory disease. We conclude that EBV and HHV-6 activation at about day 7 of hospitalization occurred in a modest fraction of our cohort of COVID-19 patients and was not associated with high levels of inflammation. In the modest fraction of patients, EBV and HHV-6 reactivation could contribute to some features of acute disease and pre-disposition to post-acute sequelae in a subset of patients.
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spelling pubmed-95047562022-09-24 Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients Brooks, Bailey Tancredi, Christina Song, Yufeng Mogus, Alemu Tekewe Huang, Meei-Li W. Zhu, Haiying Phan, Tuan L. Zhu, Harrison Kadl, Alexandra Woodfolk, Judith Jerome, Keith R. Zeichner, Steven L. Viruses Article Beyond their pulmonary disease, many COVID-19 patients experience a complex constellation of characteristics, including hyperinflammatory responses, autoimmune disorders, and coagulopathies. However, the pathogenesis of these aspects of COVID-19 is obscure. More than 90% of people are latently infected with the lymphotropic herpesviruses Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) and/or Human Herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). Some of the inflammatory features of COVID-19 resemble clinical syndromes seen during EBV and HHV-6 infection, and these latent viruses can be reactivated by inflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that EBV and HHV-6 reactivation might be a common feature of early COVID-19, particularly in patients with more inflammation. We tested for EBV and HHV-6 reactivation in 67 patients acutely hospitalized with COVID-19 using previously validated quantitative PCR assays on the plasma. In our cohort, we found that 15/67 (22.4%) patients had detectable EBV and 3/67 (4.5%) had detectable HHV-6. This frequency of activation is somewhat more than the frequency reported for some healthy cohorts, such as blood donors and other healthy control cohorts. There was no association between EBV or HHV-6 and markers indicative of more inflammatory disease. We conclude that EBV and HHV-6 activation at about day 7 of hospitalization occurred in a modest fraction of our cohort of COVID-19 patients and was not associated with high levels of inflammation. In the modest fraction of patients, EBV and HHV-6 reactivation could contribute to some features of acute disease and pre-disposition to post-acute sequelae in a subset of patients. MDPI 2022-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9504756/ /pubmed/36146679 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091872 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Brooks, Bailey
Tancredi, Christina
Song, Yufeng
Mogus, Alemu Tekewe
Huang, Meei-Li W.
Zhu, Haiying
Phan, Tuan L.
Zhu, Harrison
Kadl, Alexandra
Woodfolk, Judith
Jerome, Keith R.
Zeichner, Steven L.
Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients
title Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients
title_full Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients
title_fullStr Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients
title_full_unstemmed Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients
title_short Epstein–Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus-6 Reactivation in Acute COVID-19 Patients
title_sort epstein–barr virus and human herpesvirus-6 reactivation in acute covid-19 patients
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146679
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091872
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