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Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials

Hearing loss negatively impacts the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Systemic delivery of ototherapeutics has limited efficacy due to severe systemic side effects and the presence of the blood–labyrinth barrier that selectively limits or enables transfer of molecules between plasma and in...

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Autores principales: Dash, Shreshtha, Zuo, Jian, Steyger, Peter S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145336
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15091115
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author Dash, Shreshtha
Zuo, Jian
Steyger, Peter S.
author_facet Dash, Shreshtha
Zuo, Jian
Steyger, Peter S.
author_sort Dash, Shreshtha
collection PubMed
description Hearing loss negatively impacts the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Systemic delivery of ototherapeutics has limited efficacy due to severe systemic side effects and the presence of the blood–labyrinth barrier that selectively limits or enables transfer of molecules between plasma and inner ear tissues and fluids. Local drug delivery into the middle and inner ear would be preferable for many newly emerging classes of drugs. Although the cochlea is a challenging target for drug delivery, recent technologies could provide a safe and efficacious delivery of ototherapeutics. Local drug delivery routes include topical delivery via the external auditory meatus, retroauricular, transtympanic, and intracochlear delivery. Many new drug delivery systems specifically for the inner ear are under development or undergoing clinical studies. Future studies into these systems may provide a means for extended delivery of drugs to preserve or restore hearing in patients with hearing disorders. This review outlines the anatomy of the (inner) ear, describes the various local delivery systems and routes, and various quantification methodologies to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in the inner ear.
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spelling pubmed-95049002022-09-24 Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials Dash, Shreshtha Zuo, Jian Steyger, Peter S. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) Review Hearing loss negatively impacts the well-being of millions of people worldwide. Systemic delivery of ototherapeutics has limited efficacy due to severe systemic side effects and the presence of the blood–labyrinth barrier that selectively limits or enables transfer of molecules between plasma and inner ear tissues and fluids. Local drug delivery into the middle and inner ear would be preferable for many newly emerging classes of drugs. Although the cochlea is a challenging target for drug delivery, recent technologies could provide a safe and efficacious delivery of ototherapeutics. Local drug delivery routes include topical delivery via the external auditory meatus, retroauricular, transtympanic, and intracochlear delivery. Many new drug delivery systems specifically for the inner ear are under development or undergoing clinical studies. Future studies into these systems may provide a means for extended delivery of drugs to preserve or restore hearing in patients with hearing disorders. This review outlines the anatomy of the (inner) ear, describes the various local delivery systems and routes, and various quantification methodologies to determine the pharmacokinetics of the drugs in the inner ear. MDPI 2022-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9504900/ /pubmed/36145336 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15091115 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dash, Shreshtha
Zuo, Jian
Steyger, Peter S.
Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials
title Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials
title_full Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials
title_fullStr Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials
title_full_unstemmed Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials
title_short Local Delivery of Therapeutics to the Cochlea Using Nanoparticles and Other Biomaterials
title_sort local delivery of therapeutics to the cochlea using nanoparticles and other biomaterials
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504900/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145336
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15091115
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