The Effect of an Er, Cr: YSGG Laser Combined with Implantoplasty Treatment on Implant Surface Roughness and Morphologic Analysis: A Pilot In Vitro Study

Although laser irradiation and implantoplasty (IP) are both treatment options for peri-implantitis, no studies have yet combined these two treatment solutions. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of an Er, Cr: YSGG laser on the IP surface. In experiment 1, TiUnite anodized surface implants were treated with an Er, Cr: YSGG laser at 0.5 to 2 W on the panel energy setting and 20 Hz under water irrigation. In experiment 2, all implant surfaces were treated with the IP procedure first, then irradiated with the Er, Cr: YSGG laser. All samples were analyzed by stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and surface topography. Stereomicroscopy and SEM revealed no obvious surface change at any energy setting once the surface was polished with the IP procedure, whereas damage was caused to the TiUnite original implant surface when the Er, Cr: YSGG laser panel energy was set at 1 W or higher. EDS showed no significant difference in element composition once the surface was polished with the IP procedure, while a compositional change was detected when the Er, Cr: YSGG laser panel energy was set to 0.5 W or higher to irradiate the original TiUnite surface. Surface roughness may be related to laser irradiation energy, but no significant changes occurred following IP. These results indicated that the Er, Cr: YSGG laser may have little effect on the post-IP surface compared with the virgin TiUnite surface.