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Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a novel method using flavonoids to inhibit Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and dual-species biofilms and to protect enamel hardness in a biofilm-based caries model for the first time. Several flavonoids,...

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Autores principales: Chen, Hong, Xie, Sihong, Gao, Jing, He, Liwen, Luo, Wenping, Tang, Yunhao, Weir, Michael D., Oates, Thomas W., Xu, Hockin H. K., Yang, Deqin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810593
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author Chen, Hong
Xie, Sihong
Gao, Jing
He, Liwen
Luo, Wenping
Tang, Yunhao
Weir, Michael D.
Oates, Thomas W.
Xu, Hockin H. K.
Yang, Deqin
author_facet Chen, Hong
Xie, Sihong
Gao, Jing
He, Liwen
Luo, Wenping
Tang, Yunhao
Weir, Michael D.
Oates, Thomas W.
Xu, Hockin H. K.
Yang, Deqin
author_sort Chen, Hong
collection PubMed
description The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a novel method using flavonoids to inhibit Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and dual-species biofilms and to protect enamel hardness in a biofilm-based caries model for the first time. Several flavonoids, including baicalein, naringenin and catechin, were tested. Gold-standard chlorhexidine (CHX) and untreated (UC) groups served as controls. Optimal concentrations were determined by cytotoxicity assay. Biofilm MTT, colony-forming-units (CFUs), biofilm biomass, lactic acid and polysaccharide production were evaluated. Real-time-polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine gene expressions in biofilms. Demineralization of human enamel was induced via S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, and enamel hardness was measured. Compared to CHX and UC groups, the baicalein group achieved the greatest reduction in S. mutans, C. albicans and S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, yielding the least metabolic activity, polysaccharide synthesis and lactic acid production (p < 0.05). The biofilm CFU was decreased in baicalein group by 5 logs, 4 logs, 5 logs, for S. mutans, C. albicans and S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, respectively, compared to UC group. When tested in a S. mutans-C. albicans in vitro caries model, the baicalein group substantially reduced enamel demineralization under biofilms, yielding an enamel hardness that was 2.75 times greater than that of UC group. Hence, the novel baicalein method is promising to inhibit dental caries by reducing biofilm formation and protecting enamel hardness.
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spelling pubmed-95049132022-09-24 Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries Chen, Hong Xie, Sihong Gao, Jing He, Liwen Luo, Wenping Tang, Yunhao Weir, Michael D. Oates, Thomas W. Xu, Hockin H. K. Yang, Deqin Int J Mol Sci Article The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of a novel method using flavonoids to inhibit Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), Candida albicans (C. albicans) and dual-species biofilms and to protect enamel hardness in a biofilm-based caries model for the first time. Several flavonoids, including baicalein, naringenin and catechin, were tested. Gold-standard chlorhexidine (CHX) and untreated (UC) groups served as controls. Optimal concentrations were determined by cytotoxicity assay. Biofilm MTT, colony-forming-units (CFUs), biofilm biomass, lactic acid and polysaccharide production were evaluated. Real-time-polymerase-chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine gene expressions in biofilms. Demineralization of human enamel was induced via S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, and enamel hardness was measured. Compared to CHX and UC groups, the baicalein group achieved the greatest reduction in S. mutans, C. albicans and S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, yielding the least metabolic activity, polysaccharide synthesis and lactic acid production (p < 0.05). The biofilm CFU was decreased in baicalein group by 5 logs, 4 logs, 5 logs, for S. mutans, C. albicans and S. mutans-C. albicans biofilms, respectively, compared to UC group. When tested in a S. mutans-C. albicans in vitro caries model, the baicalein group substantially reduced enamel demineralization under biofilms, yielding an enamel hardness that was 2.75 times greater than that of UC group. Hence, the novel baicalein method is promising to inhibit dental caries by reducing biofilm formation and protecting enamel hardness. MDPI 2022-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9504913/ /pubmed/36142516 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810593 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chen, Hong
Xie, Sihong
Gao, Jing
He, Liwen
Luo, Wenping
Tang, Yunhao
Weir, Michael D.
Oates, Thomas W.
Xu, Hockin H. K.
Yang, Deqin
Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries
title Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries
title_full Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries
title_fullStr Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries
title_full_unstemmed Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries
title_short Flavonoid Baicalein Suppresses Oral Biofilms and Protects Enamel Hardness to Combat Dental Caries
title_sort flavonoid baicalein suppresses oral biofilms and protects enamel hardness to combat dental caries
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504913/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142516
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810593
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