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Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania
Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. A reduction in salt intake is among the most cost-effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing potassium lowers blood pressure and is associated with lower cardiovascular r...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183817 |
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author | Zakauskiene, Urte Macioniene, Ernesta Zabuliene, Lina Sukackiene, Diana Linkeviciute-Dumce, Ausra Banys, Valdas Bratcikoviene, Nomeda Karosiene, Dovile Slekiene, Virginija Kontrimas, Virginijus Simanauskas, Kazys Utkus, Algirdas Brazdziunaite, Deimante Migline, Vilma Makarskiene, Indre Zurlyte, Ingrida Rakovac, Ivo Breda, Joao Cappuccio, Francesco P. Miglinas, Marius |
author_facet | Zakauskiene, Urte Macioniene, Ernesta Zabuliene, Lina Sukackiene, Diana Linkeviciute-Dumce, Ausra Banys, Valdas Bratcikoviene, Nomeda Karosiene, Dovile Slekiene, Virginija Kontrimas, Virginijus Simanauskas, Kazys Utkus, Algirdas Brazdziunaite, Deimante Migline, Vilma Makarskiene, Indre Zurlyte, Ingrida Rakovac, Ivo Breda, Joao Cappuccio, Francesco P. Miglinas, Marius |
author_sort | Zakauskiene, Urte |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. A reduction in salt intake is among the most cost-effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing potassium lowers blood pressure and is associated with lower cardiovascular risk. Adequate iodine intake is important to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Salt iodization is a key strategy to prevent such deficiency. In Lithuania, no surveys have been performed to directly assess sodium, potassium and iodine consumption. The aim of the present study was to measure sodium, potassium and iodine intake in a randomly selected adult Lithuanian adult population using 24 h urine collections, and to assess knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards salt consumption. Salt and potassium intakes were estimated in 888 randomly selected participants by 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion and 679 individuals provided suitable 24 h urine samples for the analysis of iodine excretion. Average salt intake was 10.0 (SD 5.3) g/24 h and average potassium intake was 3.3 (SD 1.3) g/24 h. Only 12.5% of participants consumed less than 5 g/24 h of salt. The median value of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 95.5 μg/L. Our study showed that average salt intake is twice as high as the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization while potassium and iodine intakes in Lithuania are below the recommended levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9504939 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95049392022-09-24 Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania Zakauskiene, Urte Macioniene, Ernesta Zabuliene, Lina Sukackiene, Diana Linkeviciute-Dumce, Ausra Banys, Valdas Bratcikoviene, Nomeda Karosiene, Dovile Slekiene, Virginija Kontrimas, Virginijus Simanauskas, Kazys Utkus, Algirdas Brazdziunaite, Deimante Migline, Vilma Makarskiene, Indre Zurlyte, Ingrida Rakovac, Ivo Breda, Joao Cappuccio, Francesco P. Miglinas, Marius Nutrients Article Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular events and death. A reduction in salt intake is among the most cost-effective strategies to reduce blood pressure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Increasing potassium lowers blood pressure and is associated with lower cardiovascular risk. Adequate iodine intake is important to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Salt iodization is a key strategy to prevent such deficiency. In Lithuania, no surveys have been performed to directly assess sodium, potassium and iodine consumption. The aim of the present study was to measure sodium, potassium and iodine intake in a randomly selected adult Lithuanian adult population using 24 h urine collections, and to assess knowledge, attitudes and behavior towards salt consumption. Salt and potassium intakes were estimated in 888 randomly selected participants by 24 h urine sodium and potassium excretion and 679 individuals provided suitable 24 h urine samples for the analysis of iodine excretion. Average salt intake was 10.0 (SD 5.3) g/24 h and average potassium intake was 3.3 (SD 1.3) g/24 h. Only 12.5% of participants consumed less than 5 g/24 h of salt. The median value of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 95.5 μg/L. Our study showed that average salt intake is twice as high as the maximum level recommended by the World Health Organization while potassium and iodine intakes in Lithuania are below the recommended levels. MDPI 2022-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9504939/ /pubmed/36145201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183817 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zakauskiene, Urte Macioniene, Ernesta Zabuliene, Lina Sukackiene, Diana Linkeviciute-Dumce, Ausra Banys, Valdas Bratcikoviene, Nomeda Karosiene, Dovile Slekiene, Virginija Kontrimas, Virginijus Simanauskas, Kazys Utkus, Algirdas Brazdziunaite, Deimante Migline, Vilma Makarskiene, Indre Zurlyte, Ingrida Rakovac, Ivo Breda, Joao Cappuccio, Francesco P. Miglinas, Marius Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania |
title | Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania |
title_full | Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania |
title_fullStr | Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania |
title_full_unstemmed | Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania |
title_short | Sodium, Potassium and Iodine Intake in an Adult Population of Lithuania |
title_sort | sodium, potassium and iodine intake in an adult population of lithuania |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9504939/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14183817 |
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