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Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to characterize the rumen microbiota of Saanen goat kids fed olive leaves through a high-throughput approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing; furthermore, the parallel characterization of rumen volatile profile by solid-phase microextraction coupled with g...

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Autores principales: Bennato, Francesca, Martino, Camillo, Di Domenico, Marco, Ianni, Andrea, Chai, Benli, Di Marcantonio, Lisa, Cammà, Cesare, Martino, Giuseppe
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505022/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136668
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9090452
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author Bennato, Francesca
Martino, Camillo
Di Domenico, Marco
Ianni, Andrea
Chai, Benli
Di Marcantonio, Lisa
Cammà, Cesare
Martino, Giuseppe
author_facet Bennato, Francesca
Martino, Camillo
Di Domenico, Marco
Ianni, Andrea
Chai, Benli
Di Marcantonio, Lisa
Cammà, Cesare
Martino, Giuseppe
author_sort Bennato, Francesca
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to characterize the rumen microbiota of Saanen goat kids fed olive leaves through a high-throughput approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing; furthermore, the parallel characterization of rumen volatile profile by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been performed. Twenty goat kids were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received a basal diet, while in the second one the diet was supplemented with olive leaves. The results showed the dietary supplementation to be able to affect the microbial community in the rumen. Significant differences were specifically observed between the two groups at genera and even family levels characterized by a higher abundance of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of goat kids fed olive leaves. In addition, the analysis of volatile compounds at the rumen level has allowed us to highlight differences in relation to the diet and the presence, in the rumen of goat kids fed olive leaves, of compounds indicative of health status. ABSTRACT: The accumulation and disposal of by-products deriving from the agro-food industry represents a problem both from an economic and environmental point of view. The use of these matrices in zootechnical nutrition could represent a feasible solution. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of a diet containing olive leaves (OL), a by-product of the olive industry, on the ruminal microbial community of Saanen goat kids and on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during the digestion. Twenty goat kids were randomly divided into two groups of ten goat kids each. The control group (CTR) was fed with a standard diet, while the experimental group (OL+) received a custom-formulated diet containing 10 % OL on a dry matter (DM) basis. After 30 days of trial, genomic DNA was extracted from the rumen liquor and prepared for 16S rRNA-gene sequencing to characterize the rumen microbiota; furthermore, rumen VOCs were also characterized by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Shannon’s alpha index was not significantly different between the two groups, on the contrary, Bray-Curtis (p < 0.01) and Jaccard (p < 0.01) distances evidenced that feed affected microbial community. Eleven genera were influenced by OL supplementation, with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Paludibacter, Fibrobacter, Sphaerochaeta Christensenella, Rikenella, Oligosphaera, Candidatus Endomicrobium, Anaerovorax, and Atopobium was observed, while the percentages of Bacteroides and Selenomonas were reduced (p < 0.05). Differences were also observed between the two groups at the family level (p < 0.004). Fibrobacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Oligosphaeraceae, Candidatus Endomicrobium, and Planctomycetaceae were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in goat kids fed OL diet compared to CTR, while the levels of other identified families, Succinivibrionaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, were opposite (p < 0.05). Finally, results showed that the main phyla in both groups were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; however, no significant differences in the relative abundance of any phyla were observed between the two groups. In addition to what has been reported, the analysis of VOCs at the rumen level showed the ability of the OL integration to induce an increase in hexanoic acid and a parallel decrease in decanal. Furthermore, only in OL+ samples there was the accumulation of α-terpineol to which a wide range of interesting biological properties is attributed. The presence of VOCs associated with health status suggests a favorable role of OL in preserving and improving animal welfare.
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spelling pubmed-95050222022-09-24 Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves Bennato, Francesca Martino, Camillo Di Domenico, Marco Ianni, Andrea Chai, Benli Di Marcantonio, Lisa Cammà, Cesare Martino, Giuseppe Vet Sci Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to characterize the rumen microbiota of Saanen goat kids fed olive leaves through a high-throughput approach based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing; furthermore, the parallel characterization of rumen volatile profile by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been performed. Twenty goat kids were randomly assigned to two groups. The first group received a basal diet, while in the second one the diet was supplemented with olive leaves. The results showed the dietary supplementation to be able to affect the microbial community in the rumen. Significant differences were specifically observed between the two groups at genera and even family levels characterized by a higher abundance of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of goat kids fed olive leaves. In addition, the analysis of volatile compounds at the rumen level has allowed us to highlight differences in relation to the diet and the presence, in the rumen of goat kids fed olive leaves, of compounds indicative of health status. ABSTRACT: The accumulation and disposal of by-products deriving from the agro-food industry represents a problem both from an economic and environmental point of view. The use of these matrices in zootechnical nutrition could represent a feasible solution. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of a diet containing olive leaves (OL), a by-product of the olive industry, on the ruminal microbial community of Saanen goat kids and on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during the digestion. Twenty goat kids were randomly divided into two groups of ten goat kids each. The control group (CTR) was fed with a standard diet, while the experimental group (OL+) received a custom-formulated diet containing 10 % OL on a dry matter (DM) basis. After 30 days of trial, genomic DNA was extracted from the rumen liquor and prepared for 16S rRNA-gene sequencing to characterize the rumen microbiota; furthermore, rumen VOCs were also characterized by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Shannon’s alpha index was not significantly different between the two groups, on the contrary, Bray-Curtis (p < 0.01) and Jaccard (p < 0.01) distances evidenced that feed affected microbial community. Eleven genera were influenced by OL supplementation, with a significant increase (p < 0.05) in Paludibacter, Fibrobacter, Sphaerochaeta Christensenella, Rikenella, Oligosphaera, Candidatus Endomicrobium, Anaerovorax, and Atopobium was observed, while the percentages of Bacteroides and Selenomonas were reduced (p < 0.05). Differences were also observed between the two groups at the family level (p < 0.004). Fibrobacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Oligosphaeraceae, Candidatus Endomicrobium, and Planctomycetaceae were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in goat kids fed OL diet compared to CTR, while the levels of other identified families, Succinivibrionaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, were opposite (p < 0.05). Finally, results showed that the main phyla in both groups were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; however, no significant differences in the relative abundance of any phyla were observed between the two groups. In addition to what has been reported, the analysis of VOCs at the rumen level showed the ability of the OL integration to induce an increase in hexanoic acid and a parallel decrease in decanal. Furthermore, only in OL+ samples there was the accumulation of α-terpineol to which a wide range of interesting biological properties is attributed. The presence of VOCs associated with health status suggests a favorable role of OL in preserving and improving animal welfare. MDPI 2022-08-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9505022/ /pubmed/36136668 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9090452 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Bennato, Francesca
Martino, Camillo
Di Domenico, Marco
Ianni, Andrea
Chai, Benli
Di Marcantonio, Lisa
Cammà, Cesare
Martino, Giuseppe
Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves
title Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves
title_full Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves
title_fullStr Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves
title_full_unstemmed Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves
title_short Metagenomic Characterization and Volatile Compounds Determination in Rumen from Saanen Goat Kids Fed Olive Leaves
title_sort metagenomic characterization and volatile compounds determination in rumen from saanen goat kids fed olive leaves
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505022/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36136668
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9090452
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