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Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and the associated Cas endonuclease (Cas9) is a cutting-edge genome-editing technology that specifically targets DNA sequences by using short RNA molecules, helping the endonuclease Cas9 in the repairing of genes responsible for genet...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091840 |
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author | Caprifico, Anna E. Foot, Peter J. S. Polycarpou, Elena Calabrese, Gianpiero |
author_facet | Caprifico, Anna E. Foot, Peter J. S. Polycarpou, Elena Calabrese, Gianpiero |
author_sort | Caprifico, Anna E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and the associated Cas endonuclease (Cas9) is a cutting-edge genome-editing technology that specifically targets DNA sequences by using short RNA molecules, helping the endonuclease Cas9 in the repairing of genes responsible for genetic diseases. However, the main issue regarding the application of this technique is the development of an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system. The consensus relies on the use of non-viral delivery systems represented by nanoparticles (NPs). Chitosan is a safe biopolymer widely used in the generation of NPs for several biomedical applications, especially gene delivery. Indeed, it shows several advantages in the context of gene delivery systems, for instance, the presence of positively charged amino groups on its backbone can establish electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged nucleic acid forming stable nanocomplexes. However, its main limitations include poor solubility in physiological pH and limited buffering ability, which can be overcome by functionalising its chemical structure. This review offers a critical analysis of the different approaches for the generation of chitosan-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems and suggestions for future developments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9505239 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95052392022-09-24 Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems Caprifico, Anna E. Foot, Peter J. S. Polycarpou, Elena Calabrese, Gianpiero Pharmaceutics Review Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and the associated Cas endonuclease (Cas9) is a cutting-edge genome-editing technology that specifically targets DNA sequences by using short RNA molecules, helping the endonuclease Cas9 in the repairing of genes responsible for genetic diseases. However, the main issue regarding the application of this technique is the development of an efficient CRISPR/Cas9 delivery system. The consensus relies on the use of non-viral delivery systems represented by nanoparticles (NPs). Chitosan is a safe biopolymer widely used in the generation of NPs for several biomedical applications, especially gene delivery. Indeed, it shows several advantages in the context of gene delivery systems, for instance, the presence of positively charged amino groups on its backbone can establish electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged nucleic acid forming stable nanocomplexes. However, its main limitations include poor solubility in physiological pH and limited buffering ability, which can be overcome by functionalising its chemical structure. This review offers a critical analysis of the different approaches for the generation of chitosan-based CRISPR/Cas9 delivery systems and suggestions for future developments. MDPI 2022-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9505239/ /pubmed/36145588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091840 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Caprifico, Anna E. Foot, Peter J. S. Polycarpou, Elena Calabrese, Gianpiero Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems |
title | Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems |
title_full | Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems |
title_fullStr | Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems |
title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems |
title_short | Advances in Chitosan-Based CRISPR/Cas9 Delivery Systems |
title_sort | advances in chitosan-based crispr/cas9 delivery systems |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505239/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145588 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14091840 |
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