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Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?

The recent finding that proline-induced root elongation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) prompted us to re-evaluate other developmental processes modulated by proline, such as flowering time. By controlling the cellular redox status and the ROS distribution, proline could potentially aff...

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Autores principales: Mattioli, Roberto, Francioso, Antonio, Trovato, Maurizio
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145748
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182348
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author Mattioli, Roberto
Francioso, Antonio
Trovato, Maurizio
author_facet Mattioli, Roberto
Francioso, Antonio
Trovato, Maurizio
author_sort Mattioli, Roberto
collection PubMed
description The recent finding that proline-induced root elongation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) prompted us to re-evaluate other developmental processes modulated by proline, such as flowering time. By controlling the cellular redox status and the ROS distribution, proline could potentially affect the expression of transcriptional factors subjected to epigenetic regulation, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Accordingly, we investigated the effect of proline on flowering time in more detail by analyzing the relative expression of the main flowering time genes in p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 proline-deficient mutants and found a significant upregulation of FLC expression. Moreover, proline-deficient mutants exhibited an adult vegetative phase shorter than wild-type samples, with a trichome distribution reminiscent of plants with high FLC expression. In addition, the vernalization-induced downregulation of FLC abolished the flowering delay of p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2, and mutants homozygous for p5cs1 and flc-7 and heterozygous for P5CS2 flowered as early as the flc-7 parental mutant, indicating that FLC acts downstream of P5CS1/P5CS2 and is necessary for proline-modulated flowering. The overall data indicate that the effects of proline on flowering time are mediated by FLC.
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spelling pubmed-95054452022-09-24 Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation? Mattioli, Roberto Francioso, Antonio Trovato, Maurizio Plants (Basel) Communication The recent finding that proline-induced root elongation is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) prompted us to re-evaluate other developmental processes modulated by proline, such as flowering time. By controlling the cellular redox status and the ROS distribution, proline could potentially affect the expression of transcriptional factors subjected to epigenetic regulation, such as FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Accordingly, we investigated the effect of proline on flowering time in more detail by analyzing the relative expression of the main flowering time genes in p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2 proline-deficient mutants and found a significant upregulation of FLC expression. Moreover, proline-deficient mutants exhibited an adult vegetative phase shorter than wild-type samples, with a trichome distribution reminiscent of plants with high FLC expression. In addition, the vernalization-induced downregulation of FLC abolished the flowering delay of p5cs1 p5cs2/P5CS2, and mutants homozygous for p5cs1 and flc-7 and heterozygous for P5CS2 flowered as early as the flc-7 parental mutant, indicating that FLC acts downstream of P5CS1/P5CS2 and is necessary for proline-modulated flowering. The overall data indicate that the effects of proline on flowering time are mediated by FLC. MDPI 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9505445/ /pubmed/36145748 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182348 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Communication
Mattioli, Roberto
Francioso, Antonio
Trovato, Maurizio
Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?
title Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?
title_full Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?
title_fullStr Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?
title_full_unstemmed Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?
title_short Proline Affects Flowering Time in Arabidopsis by Modulating FLC Expression: A Clue of Epigenetic Regulation?
title_sort proline affects flowering time in arabidopsis by modulating flc expression: a clue of epigenetic regulation?
topic Communication
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505445/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145748
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182348
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AT trovatomaurizio prolineaffectsfloweringtimeinarabidopsisbymodulatingflcexpressionaclueofepigeneticregulation