Cargando…
Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites
Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites reinforced with five parts per hundred rubber (phr) of two different nano-fillers, i.e., nanoclay (abbrev. NC) and cellulose nanofiber (abbrev. CNF), were prepared by using latex mixing approach, followed by mill-compounding and molding. The morphology, stress–stra...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505582/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183747 |
_version_ | 1784796508503146496 |
---|---|
author | Wongvasana, Bunsita Thongnuanchan, Bencha Masa, Abdulhakim Saito, Hiromu Sakai, Tadamoto Lopattananon, Natinee |
author_facet | Wongvasana, Bunsita Thongnuanchan, Bencha Masa, Abdulhakim Saito, Hiromu Sakai, Tadamoto Lopattananon, Natinee |
author_sort | Wongvasana, Bunsita |
collection | PubMed |
description | Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites reinforced with five parts per hundred rubber (phr) of two different nano-fillers, i.e., nanoclay (abbrev. NC) and cellulose nanofiber (abbrev. CNF), were prepared by using latex mixing approach, followed by mill-compounding and molding. The morphology, stress–strain behavior, strain-induced crystallization, and bound rubber of the NR nanocomposites were systematically compared through TEM, tensile test, WAXS, DMA, and bound rubber measurement. The aggregated CNFs were observed in the NR matrix, while the dispersed nanosized clay tactoids were detected across the NR phase. The reinforcement effects of NC and CNF were clearly distinct in the NR nanocomposites. At the same nano-filler content, the addition of NC and CNF effectively accelerated strain-induced crystallization of NR. The high tensile strength obtained in the NC-filled NR nanocomposite was attributed to strain-induced crystallization of NR accelerated by well-dispersed NC. However, the larger tensile modulus and low strain for the CNF-filled NR were related to the formation of immobilized NR at the interface between CNF aggregate and NR. The immobilization effect of NR at the CNF surface offered by a mutual entanglement of CNF aggregate and NR chain led to local stress concentration and accelerated strain-induced crystallization of CNF/NR nanocomposite. From the present study, the NR nanocomposites combined with 5 phr CNF shows high-tensile modulus and acceptable breaking tensile stress and strain, suggesting the application of CNF/NR based nanocomposite in automotive and stretchable sensors for next-generation electronic devices. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9505582 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95055822022-09-24 Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Wongvasana, Bunsita Thongnuanchan, Bencha Masa, Abdulhakim Saito, Hiromu Sakai, Tadamoto Lopattananon, Natinee Polymers (Basel) Article Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites reinforced with five parts per hundred rubber (phr) of two different nano-fillers, i.e., nanoclay (abbrev. NC) and cellulose nanofiber (abbrev. CNF), were prepared by using latex mixing approach, followed by mill-compounding and molding. The morphology, stress–strain behavior, strain-induced crystallization, and bound rubber of the NR nanocomposites were systematically compared through TEM, tensile test, WAXS, DMA, and bound rubber measurement. The aggregated CNFs were observed in the NR matrix, while the dispersed nanosized clay tactoids were detected across the NR phase. The reinforcement effects of NC and CNF were clearly distinct in the NR nanocomposites. At the same nano-filler content, the addition of NC and CNF effectively accelerated strain-induced crystallization of NR. The high tensile strength obtained in the NC-filled NR nanocomposite was attributed to strain-induced crystallization of NR accelerated by well-dispersed NC. However, the larger tensile modulus and low strain for the CNF-filled NR were related to the formation of immobilized NR at the interface between CNF aggregate and NR. The immobilization effect of NR at the CNF surface offered by a mutual entanglement of CNF aggregate and NR chain led to local stress concentration and accelerated strain-induced crystallization of CNF/NR nanocomposite. From the present study, the NR nanocomposites combined with 5 phr CNF shows high-tensile modulus and acceptable breaking tensile stress and strain, suggesting the application of CNF/NR based nanocomposite in automotive and stretchable sensors for next-generation electronic devices. MDPI 2022-09-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9505582/ /pubmed/36145891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183747 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wongvasana, Bunsita Thongnuanchan, Bencha Masa, Abdulhakim Saito, Hiromu Sakai, Tadamoto Lopattananon, Natinee Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites |
title | Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites |
title_full | Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites |
title_fullStr | Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites |
title_short | Comparative Structure–Property Relationship between Nanoclay and Cellulose Nanofiber Reinforced Natural Rubber Nanocomposites |
title_sort | comparative structure–property relationship between nanoclay and cellulose nanofiber reinforced natural rubber nanocomposites |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505582/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14183747 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT wongvasanabunsita comparativestructurepropertyrelationshipbetweennanoclayandcellulosenanofiberreinforcednaturalrubbernanocomposites AT thongnuanchanbencha comparativestructurepropertyrelationshipbetweennanoclayandcellulosenanofiberreinforcednaturalrubbernanocomposites AT masaabdulhakim comparativestructurepropertyrelationshipbetweennanoclayandcellulosenanofiberreinforcednaturalrubbernanocomposites AT saitohiromu comparativestructurepropertyrelationshipbetweennanoclayandcellulosenanofiberreinforcednaturalrubbernanocomposites AT sakaitadamoto comparativestructurepropertyrelationshipbetweennanoclayandcellulosenanofiberreinforcednaturalrubbernanocomposites AT lopattananonnatinee comparativestructurepropertyrelationshipbetweennanoclayandcellulosenanofiberreinforcednaturalrubbernanocomposites |