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Significance of Ionic Character Induced by Ga-Doped γ-Al(2)O(3) on Polyethylene Degradation to the Precursors of Gasoline and Diesel Oil with a Trace Amount of Wax

Polyethylene degradation has a significant ecological impact but is also economically beneficial because it generates fuels and useful chemical products. Our study mainly describes the cleavage of C-C and C-H bonds when polyethylene (dispersed in 1-octadecene) was low-temperature heat-treated in two...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Haider, Syed Kamran, Pawar, Amol Uttam, Lee, Don Keun, Kang, Young Soo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505615/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36144910
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183122
Descripción
Sumario:Polyethylene degradation has a significant ecological impact but is also economically beneficial because it generates fuels and useful chemical products. Our study mainly describes the cleavage of C-C and C-H bonds when polyethylene (dispersed in 1-octadecene) was low-temperature heat-treated in two steps, at 180 and 250 °C, for 24 h for each step. Finally, it was converted to a mixture of the precursors of gasoline and diesel oil with a trace amount of wax. A series of reactions resulted in cracking, dehydrogenation and oxidation, hence producing polycarboxylic acids and saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. ESI-MS analysis revealed that mixed oil consisted of low carbon number hydrocarbons and their derivatives of carboxylic acids, with the carbon number ranging from C-6 to C-18. In the trace amount of wax, complicated carboxylic acids and hydrocarbons with carbon number C-22 to C-58 were also identified. FT-IR analysis further confirmed the presence of carboxylic acid derivatives and double bonds in the degradation products. γ-Al(2)O(3) nanorods effectively catalyzed the degradation process by enhancing the C-C chain length in the products. Lewis acid (Al) and Lewis base (oxygen) in the γ-Al(2)O(3) induced ionic character of the C-C bond chain, which led to the efficient cracking of the C-C bond. Poor shielding effect, smaller atomic size and greater ionization energy made Ga a stronger Lewis acid compared to Al; hence, Ga-doped γ-Al(2)O(3) catalyzed the degradation process even more effectively.