Cargando…

A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces

Fouling control coatings (FCCs) are used to prevent the accumulation of marine biofouling on, e.g., ship hulls, which causes increased fuel consumption and the global spread of non-indigenous species. The standards for performance evaluations of FCCs rely on visual inspections, which induce a degree...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Santos, Joaquim, Pedersen, Morten Lysdahlgaard, Ulusoy, Burak, Weinell, Claus Erik, Pedersen, Henrik Chresten, Petersen, Paul Michael, Dam-Johansen, Kim, Pedersen, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146436
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187074
_version_ 1784796532652900352
author Santos, Joaquim
Pedersen, Morten Lysdahlgaard
Ulusoy, Burak
Weinell, Claus Erik
Pedersen, Henrik Chresten
Petersen, Paul Michael
Dam-Johansen, Kim
Pedersen, Christian
author_facet Santos, Joaquim
Pedersen, Morten Lysdahlgaard
Ulusoy, Burak
Weinell, Claus Erik
Pedersen, Henrik Chresten
Petersen, Paul Michael
Dam-Johansen, Kim
Pedersen, Christian
author_sort Santos, Joaquim
collection PubMed
description Fouling control coatings (FCCs) are used to prevent the accumulation of marine biofouling on, e.g., ship hulls, which causes increased fuel consumption and the global spread of non-indigenous species. The standards for performance evaluations of FCCs rely on visual inspections, which induce a degree of subjectivity. The use of RGB images for objective evaluations has already received interest from several authors, but the limited acquired information restricts detailed analyses class-wise. This study demonstrates that hyperspectral imaging (HSI) expands the specificity of biofouling assessments of FCCs by capturing distinguishing spectral features. We developed a staring-type hyperspectral imager using a liquid crystal tunable filter as the wavelength selective element. A novel light-emitting diode illumination system with high and uniform irradiance was designed to compensate for the low-filter transmittance. A spectral library was created from reflectance-calibrated optical signatures of representative biofouling species and coated panels. We trained a neural network on the annotated library to assign a class to each pixel. The model was evaluated on an artificially generated target, and global accuracy of 95% was estimated. The classifier was tested on coated panels (exposed at the CoaST Maritime Test Centre) with visible intergrown biofouling. The segmentation results were used to determine the coverage percentage per class. Although a detailed taxonomic description might be complex due to spectral similarities among groups, these results demonstrate the feasibility of HSI for repeatable and quantifiable biofouling detection on coated surfaces.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9505677
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95056772022-09-24 A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces Santos, Joaquim Pedersen, Morten Lysdahlgaard Ulusoy, Burak Weinell, Claus Erik Pedersen, Henrik Chresten Petersen, Paul Michael Dam-Johansen, Kim Pedersen, Christian Sensors (Basel) Article Fouling control coatings (FCCs) are used to prevent the accumulation of marine biofouling on, e.g., ship hulls, which causes increased fuel consumption and the global spread of non-indigenous species. The standards for performance evaluations of FCCs rely on visual inspections, which induce a degree of subjectivity. The use of RGB images for objective evaluations has already received interest from several authors, but the limited acquired information restricts detailed analyses class-wise. This study demonstrates that hyperspectral imaging (HSI) expands the specificity of biofouling assessments of FCCs by capturing distinguishing spectral features. We developed a staring-type hyperspectral imager using a liquid crystal tunable filter as the wavelength selective element. A novel light-emitting diode illumination system with high and uniform irradiance was designed to compensate for the low-filter transmittance. A spectral library was created from reflectance-calibrated optical signatures of representative biofouling species and coated panels. We trained a neural network on the annotated library to assign a class to each pixel. The model was evaluated on an artificially generated target, and global accuracy of 95% was estimated. The classifier was tested on coated panels (exposed at the CoaST Maritime Test Centre) with visible intergrown biofouling. The segmentation results were used to determine the coverage percentage per class. Although a detailed taxonomic description might be complex due to spectral similarities among groups, these results demonstrate the feasibility of HSI for repeatable and quantifiable biofouling detection on coated surfaces. MDPI 2022-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9505677/ /pubmed/36146436 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187074 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Santos, Joaquim
Pedersen, Morten Lysdahlgaard
Ulusoy, Burak
Weinell, Claus Erik
Pedersen, Henrik Chresten
Petersen, Paul Michael
Dam-Johansen, Kim
Pedersen, Christian
A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces
title A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces
title_full A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces
title_fullStr A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces
title_full_unstemmed A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces
title_short A Tunable Hyperspectral Imager for Detection and Quantification of Marine Biofouling on Coated Surfaces
title_sort tunable hyperspectral imager for detection and quantification of marine biofouling on coated surfaces
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505677/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146436
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187074
work_keys_str_mv AT santosjoaquim atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT pedersenmortenlysdahlgaard atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT ulusoyburak atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT weinellclauserik atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT pedersenhenrikchresten atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT petersenpaulmichael atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT damjohansenkim atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT pedersenchristian atunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT santosjoaquim tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT pedersenmortenlysdahlgaard tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT ulusoyburak tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT weinellclauserik tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT pedersenhenrikchresten tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT petersenpaulmichael tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT damjohansenkim tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces
AT pedersenchristian tunablehyperspectralimagerfordetectionandquantificationofmarinebiofoulingoncoatedsurfaces