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Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease
As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810808 |
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author | Huang, Minhong Bargues-Carot, Alejandra Riaz, Zainab Wickham, Hannah Zenitsky, Gary Jin, Huajun Anantharam, Vellareddy Kanthasamy, Arthi Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. |
author_facet | Huang, Minhong Bargues-Carot, Alejandra Riaz, Zainab Wickham, Hannah Zenitsky, Gary Jin, Huajun Anantharam, Vellareddy Kanthasamy, Arthi Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. |
author_sort | Huang, Minhong |
collection | PubMed |
description | As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9505762 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95057622022-09-24 Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease Huang, Minhong Bargues-Carot, Alejandra Riaz, Zainab Wickham, Hannah Zenitsky, Gary Jin, Huajun Anantharam, Vellareddy Kanthasamy, Arthi Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. Int J Mol Sci Review As a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the neuropathological hallmark of the loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic (DAergic) innervation and the appearance of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although several familial forms of PD have been reported to be associated with several gene variants, most cases in nature are sporadic, triggered by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Numerous epidemiological studies during the past two decades have shown positive associations between PD and several environmental factors, including exposure to neurotoxic pesticides/herbicides and heavy metals as well as traumatic brain injury. Other environmental factors that have been implicated as potential risk factors for PD include industrial chemicals, wood pulp mills, farming, well-water consumption, and rural residence. In this review, we summarize the environmental toxicology of PD with the focus on the elaboration of chemical toxicity and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms associated with exposure to several neurotoxic chemicals, specifically 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), rotenone, paraquat (PQ), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), dieldrin, manganese (Mn), and vanadium (V). Our overview of the current findings from cellular, animal, and human studies of PD provides information for possible intervention strategies aimed at halting the initiation and exacerbation of environmentally linked PD. MDPI 2022-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC9505762/ /pubmed/36142718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810808 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Huang, Minhong Bargues-Carot, Alejandra Riaz, Zainab Wickham, Hannah Zenitsky, Gary Jin, Huajun Anantharam, Vellareddy Kanthasamy, Arthi Kanthasamy, Anumantha G. Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease |
title | Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full | Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease |
title_fullStr | Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease |
title_short | Impact of Environmental Risk Factors on Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Neuroinflammation, Protein Misfolding, and Oxidative Stress in the Etiopathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease |
title_sort | impact of environmental risk factors on mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, protein misfolding, and oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of parkinson’s disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505762/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36142718 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810808 |
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