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Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations
Mycelium-Based Composites (MBCs) are innovative engineering materials made from lignocellulosic by-products bonded with fungal mycelium. While some performance characteristics of MBCs are inferior to those of currently used engineering materials, these composites nevertheless prove to be superior in...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186283 |
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author | Sydor, Maciej Cofta, Grzegorz Doczekalska, Beata Bonenberg, Agata |
author_facet | Sydor, Maciej Cofta, Grzegorz Doczekalska, Beata Bonenberg, Agata |
author_sort | Sydor, Maciej |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycelium-Based Composites (MBCs) are innovative engineering materials made from lignocellulosic by-products bonded with fungal mycelium. While some performance characteristics of MBCs are inferior to those of currently used engineering materials, these composites nevertheless prove to be superior in ecological aspects. Improving the properties of MBCs may be achieved using an adequate substrate type, fungus species, and manufacturing technology. This article presents scientifically verified guiding principles for choosing a fungus species to obtain the desired effect. This aim was realized based on analyses of scientific articles concerning MBCs, mycological literature, and patent documents. Based on these analyses, over 70 fungi species used to manufacture MBC have been identified and the most commonly used combinations of fungi species-substrate-manufacturing technology are presented. The main result of this review was to demonstrate the characteristics of the fungi considered optimal in terms of the resulting engineering material properties. Thus, a list of the 11 main fungus characteristics that increase the effectiveness in the engineering material formation include: rapid hyphae growth, high virulence, dimitic or trimitic hyphal system, white rot decay type, high versatility in nutrition, high tolerance to a substrate, environmental parameters, susceptibility to readily controlled factors, easy to deactivate, saprophytic, non-mycotoxic, and capability to biosynthesize natural active substances. An additional analysis result is a list of the names of fungus species, the types of substrates used, the applications of the material produced, and the main findings reported in the scientific literature. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9505859 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95058592022-09-24 Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations Sydor, Maciej Cofta, Grzegorz Doczekalska, Beata Bonenberg, Agata Materials (Basel) Review Mycelium-Based Composites (MBCs) are innovative engineering materials made from lignocellulosic by-products bonded with fungal mycelium. While some performance characteristics of MBCs are inferior to those of currently used engineering materials, these composites nevertheless prove to be superior in ecological aspects. Improving the properties of MBCs may be achieved using an adequate substrate type, fungus species, and manufacturing technology. This article presents scientifically verified guiding principles for choosing a fungus species to obtain the desired effect. This aim was realized based on analyses of scientific articles concerning MBCs, mycological literature, and patent documents. Based on these analyses, over 70 fungi species used to manufacture MBC have been identified and the most commonly used combinations of fungi species-substrate-manufacturing technology are presented. The main result of this review was to demonstrate the characteristics of the fungi considered optimal in terms of the resulting engineering material properties. Thus, a list of the 11 main fungus characteristics that increase the effectiveness in the engineering material formation include: rapid hyphae growth, high virulence, dimitic or trimitic hyphal system, white rot decay type, high versatility in nutrition, high tolerance to a substrate, environmental parameters, susceptibility to readily controlled factors, easy to deactivate, saprophytic, non-mycotoxic, and capability to biosynthesize natural active substances. An additional analysis result is a list of the names of fungus species, the types of substrates used, the applications of the material produced, and the main findings reported in the scientific literature. MDPI 2022-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9505859/ /pubmed/36143594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186283 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sydor, Maciej Cofta, Grzegorz Doczekalska, Beata Bonenberg, Agata Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations |
title | Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations |
title_full | Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations |
title_fullStr | Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations |
title_full_unstemmed | Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations |
title_short | Fungi in Mycelium-Based Composites: Usage and Recommendations |
title_sort | fungi in mycelium-based composites: usage and recommendations |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505859/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36143594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186283 |
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