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Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration

Medicago ruthenica, a wild legume forage widely distributed in the Eurasian steppe, demonstrates high genetic and phenotypic variation. M. ruthenica with a purely yellow flower (YFM), differing from the general phenotype of M. ruthenica with a purple flower (PFM), was recently discovered. The simila...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Lin, Li, Hongyan, Wu, Zinian, Li, Zhiyong, Guo, Maowei, Ning, Bu, Liu, Wanpeng, Liu, Qian, Liu, Lei, Wang, Zhiyong, Li, Jun, Mi, Fugui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145809
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182408
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author Zhu, Lin
Li, Hongyan
Wu, Zinian
Li, Zhiyong
Guo, Maowei
Ning, Bu
Liu, Wanpeng
Liu, Qian
Liu, Lei
Wang, Zhiyong
Li, Jun
Mi, Fugui
author_facet Zhu, Lin
Li, Hongyan
Wu, Zinian
Li, Zhiyong
Guo, Maowei
Ning, Bu
Liu, Wanpeng
Liu, Qian
Liu, Lei
Wang, Zhiyong
Li, Jun
Mi, Fugui
author_sort Zhu, Lin
collection PubMed
description Medicago ruthenica, a wild legume forage widely distributed in the Eurasian steppe, demonstrates high genetic and phenotypic variation. M. ruthenica with a purely yellow flower (YFM), differing from the general phenotype of M. ruthenica with a purple flower (PFM), was recently discovered. The similar characteristics of YFM with Medicago falcata have led to conflicting opinions on its taxonomy using traditional morphological methods. The lack of chemotaxonomy information about M. ruthenica species and the unclear flower coloration mechanisms have hampered their study. Here, we investigated M. ruthenica using targeted metabolomics based on the chemotaxonomy method and elaborated the floral coloration mechanisms using transcriptomics. The identified flavonoids were the same types, but there were different contents in YFM and PFM, especially the contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin that causes the purple-reddish color of flowers. The over-accumulation of C3G in PFM was 1,770 times more than YFM. Nineteen anthocyanin-related genes were downregulated in YFM compared with their expression in PFM. Thus, YFM could be defined as a variety of M. ruthenica rather than a different species. The loss of purple flower coloration in YFM was attributed to the downregulation of these genes, resulting in reduced C3G accumulation. The taxonomic characteristics and molecular and physiological characteristics of this species will contribute to further research on other species with similar external morphologies.
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spelling pubmed-95059122022-09-24 Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration Zhu, Lin Li, Hongyan Wu, Zinian Li, Zhiyong Guo, Maowei Ning, Bu Liu, Wanpeng Liu, Qian Liu, Lei Wang, Zhiyong Li, Jun Mi, Fugui Plants (Basel) Article Medicago ruthenica, a wild legume forage widely distributed in the Eurasian steppe, demonstrates high genetic and phenotypic variation. M. ruthenica with a purely yellow flower (YFM), differing from the general phenotype of M. ruthenica with a purple flower (PFM), was recently discovered. The similar characteristics of YFM with Medicago falcata have led to conflicting opinions on its taxonomy using traditional morphological methods. The lack of chemotaxonomy information about M. ruthenica species and the unclear flower coloration mechanisms have hampered their study. Here, we investigated M. ruthenica using targeted metabolomics based on the chemotaxonomy method and elaborated the floral coloration mechanisms using transcriptomics. The identified flavonoids were the same types, but there were different contents in YFM and PFM, especially the contents of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), an anthocyanin that causes the purple-reddish color of flowers. The over-accumulation of C3G in PFM was 1,770 times more than YFM. Nineteen anthocyanin-related genes were downregulated in YFM compared with their expression in PFM. Thus, YFM could be defined as a variety of M. ruthenica rather than a different species. The loss of purple flower coloration in YFM was attributed to the downregulation of these genes, resulting in reduced C3G accumulation. The taxonomic characteristics and molecular and physiological characteristics of this species will contribute to further research on other species with similar external morphologies. MDPI 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9505912/ /pubmed/36145809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182408 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zhu, Lin
Li, Hongyan
Wu, Zinian
Li, Zhiyong
Guo, Maowei
Ning, Bu
Liu, Wanpeng
Liu, Qian
Liu, Lei
Wang, Zhiyong
Li, Jun
Mi, Fugui
Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration
title Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration
title_full Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration
title_fullStr Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration
title_full_unstemmed Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration
title_short Targeted Metabolomics Provide Chemotaxonomic Insights of Medicago ruthenica, with Coupled Transcriptomics Elucidating the Mechanism Underlying Floral Coloration
title_sort targeted metabolomics provide chemotaxonomic insights of medicago ruthenica, with coupled transcriptomics elucidating the mechanism underlying floral coloration
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9505912/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36145809
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182408
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