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SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented global crisis and continues to threaten public health. The etiological agent of this devastating pandemic outbreak is the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by delayed immune response...

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Autores principales: Low, Zheng Yao, Zabidi, Nur Zawanah, Yip, Ashley Jia Wen, Puniyamurti, Ashwini, Chow, Vincent T. K., Lal, Sunil K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9506350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146796
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091991
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author Low, Zheng Yao
Zabidi, Nur Zawanah
Yip, Ashley Jia Wen
Puniyamurti, Ashwini
Chow, Vincent T. K.
Lal, Sunil K.
author_facet Low, Zheng Yao
Zabidi, Nur Zawanah
Yip, Ashley Jia Wen
Puniyamurti, Ashwini
Chow, Vincent T. K.
Lal, Sunil K.
author_sort Low, Zheng Yao
collection PubMed
description Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented global crisis and continues to threaten public health. The etiological agent of this devastating pandemic outbreak is the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by delayed immune responses, followed by exaggerated inflammatory responses. It is well-established that the interferon (IFN) and JAK/STAT signaling pathways constitute the first line of defense against viral and bacterial infections. To achieve viral replication, numerous viruses are able to antagonize or hijack these signaling pathways to attain productive infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Multiple studies document the roles of several non-structural proteins (NSPs) of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate the establishment of viral replication in host cells via immune escape. In this review, we summarize and highlight the functions and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs that confer host immune evasion. The molecular mechanisms mediating immune evasion and the related potential therapeutic strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-95063502022-09-24 SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion Low, Zheng Yao Zabidi, Nur Zawanah Yip, Ashley Jia Wen Puniyamurti, Ashwini Chow, Vincent T. K. Lal, Sunil K. Viruses Review Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented global crisis and continues to threaten public health. The etiological agent of this devastating pandemic outbreak is the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is characterized by delayed immune responses, followed by exaggerated inflammatory responses. It is well-established that the interferon (IFN) and JAK/STAT signaling pathways constitute the first line of defense against viral and bacterial infections. To achieve viral replication, numerous viruses are able to antagonize or hijack these signaling pathways to attain productive infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Multiple studies document the roles of several non-structural proteins (NSPs) of SARS-CoV-2 that facilitate the establishment of viral replication in host cells via immune escape. In this review, we summarize and highlight the functions and characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 NSPs that confer host immune evasion. The molecular mechanisms mediating immune evasion and the related potential therapeutic strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed. MDPI 2022-09-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9506350/ /pubmed/36146796 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091991 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Low, Zheng Yao
Zabidi, Nur Zawanah
Yip, Ashley Jia Wen
Puniyamurti, Ashwini
Chow, Vincent T. K.
Lal, Sunil K.
SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion
title SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion
title_full SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion
title_short SARS-CoV-2 Non-Structural Proteins and Their Roles in Host Immune Evasion
title_sort sars-cov-2 non-structural proteins and their roles in host immune evasion
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9506350/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36146796
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091991
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