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Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data

There is increasing literature mentioning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19 infection) causing acute pancreatitis (AP). It is hypothesized that SARS-Cov-2 causes pancreatic injury either by direct cytotoxic effect of the virus on pancreatic cells throug...

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Autores principales: Aziz, Ahmed Ali, Aziz, Muhammad Ali, Saleem, Maleeha, Haseeb ul Rasool, Muhammad
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9506667/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36168341
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28380
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author Aziz, Ahmed Ali
Aziz, Muhammad Ali
Saleem, Maleeha
Haseeb ul Rasool, Muhammad
author_facet Aziz, Ahmed Ali
Aziz, Muhammad Ali
Saleem, Maleeha
Haseeb ul Rasool, Muhammad
author_sort Aziz, Ahmed Ali
collection PubMed
description There is increasing literature mentioning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19 infection) causing acute pancreatitis (AP). It is hypothesized that SARS-Cov-2 causes pancreatic injury either by direct cytotoxic effect of the virus on pancreatic cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors - the main receptors for the virus located on pancreatic cells - or by the cytokine storm that results from COVID-19 infection or a component of both. Many viruses are related to AP including mumps, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and as data evolves SARS-CoV-2 virus may be one of them as well. We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the current literature and provide an overview of the evidence of AP in COVID-19 infection. We studied the presence of AP in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and calculated the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to the time of diagnosis of AP. We also studied the age, gender, clinical manifestations, time of onset of symptoms, laboratory values, imaging findings, mortality, length of stay, comorbidities, need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care, and excluded any other common causes of AP. We included 40 articles comprising 46 patients. All patients had a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and all patients had AP as per Atlanta’s criteria. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain in 29 (63.0%). Edematous pancreas was the most common Computed Tomography Abdomen Pelvis (CTAP) scan finding in these patients (35 patients). Seventeen (37%) patients required ICU admission and six (13%) patients died. Our study provides an important overview of the available data on AP in COVID-19 patients and concludes that AP is an important complication in COVID-19 infection and should be considered as an important differential in patients with COVID-19 infection who complain of abdominal pain.
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spelling pubmed-95066672022-09-26 Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data Aziz, Ahmed Ali Aziz, Muhammad Ali Saleem, Maleeha Haseeb ul Rasool, Muhammad Cureus Internal Medicine There is increasing literature mentioning severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19 infection) causing acute pancreatitis (AP). It is hypothesized that SARS-Cov-2 causes pancreatic injury either by direct cytotoxic effect of the virus on pancreatic cells through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors - the main receptors for the virus located on pancreatic cells - or by the cytokine storm that results from COVID-19 infection or a component of both. Many viruses are related to AP including mumps, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and as data evolves SARS-CoV-2 virus may be one of them as well. We conducted a systematic literature review to explore the current literature and provide an overview of the evidence of AP in COVID-19 infection. We studied the presence of AP in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and calculated the time of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection with respect to the time of diagnosis of AP. We also studied the age, gender, clinical manifestations, time of onset of symptoms, laboratory values, imaging findings, mortality, length of stay, comorbidities, need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care, and excluded any other common causes of AP. We included 40 articles comprising 46 patients. All patients had a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and all patients had AP as per Atlanta’s criteria. The most common clinical presentation was abdominal pain in 29 (63.0%). Edematous pancreas was the most common Computed Tomography Abdomen Pelvis (CTAP) scan finding in these patients (35 patients). Seventeen (37%) patients required ICU admission and six (13%) patients died. Our study provides an important overview of the available data on AP in COVID-19 patients and concludes that AP is an important complication in COVID-19 infection and should be considered as an important differential in patients with COVID-19 infection who complain of abdominal pain. Cureus 2022-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9506667/ /pubmed/36168341 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28380 Text en Copyright © 2022, Aziz et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Aziz, Ahmed Ali
Aziz, Muhammad Ali
Saleem, Maleeha
Haseeb ul Rasool, Muhammad
Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data
title Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data
title_full Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data
title_fullStr Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data
title_full_unstemmed Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data
title_short Acute Pancreatitis Related to COVID-19 Infection: A Systematic Review and Analysis of Data
title_sort acute pancreatitis related to covid-19 infection: a systematic review and analysis of data
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9506667/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36168341
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28380
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