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Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes individuals to experience a variety of cognitive and physical problems. As proven by two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory therapie...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Iranian Society of Pathology
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508536/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36247502 http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/IJP.2022.541483.2755 |
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author | Vazifedoust, Soheil Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi Khafaei, Mostafa Azemati, Fateme Jalali Kondori, Bahman |
author_facet | Vazifedoust, Soheil Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi Khafaei, Mostafa Azemati, Fateme Jalali Kondori, Bahman |
author_sort | Vazifedoust, Soheil |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes individuals to experience a variety of cognitive and physical problems. As proven by two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory therapies for MS, the disease progresses and relapses through several immunological pathways. New medicines aimed at remyelination and neurodegeneration are being developed; however, they need stronger evidence before being introduced into routine clinical care. The purpose of this study was a thorough assessment of MS immunopathology and predictive biomarkers. METHODS: Immunotherapy, immunopathogenesis, and prognostic biomarkers were all parts of the search method. Only publications in English were considered for inclusion in the study. For that purpose, we went through the current state of knowledge around MS immunopathology and related biomarkers. Immunology, as well as the identification of increased inflammation as an important component of neurodegeneration, shaped our understanding of this disease aetiology. The relevant sources examined covered the years 2015-2021. CONCLUSION: We found biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood that might be used for the prediction and diagnosis of MS, as well as for measuring treatment response and adverse effects. Many variables, including the role of some infectious organisms and the impact of environmental and social factors, might contribute to the immunological dysfunctions seen in MS. Patients with MS may benefit from better therapy options if a better understanding of MS biomarkers and immune response mechanisms would be obtained. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9508536 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Iranian Society of Pathology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95085362022-10-13 Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers Vazifedoust, Soheil Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi Khafaei, Mostafa Azemati, Fateme Jalali Kondori, Bahman Iran J Pathol Review Article BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS) and causes individuals to experience a variety of cognitive and physical problems. As proven by two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory therapies for MS, the disease progresses and relapses through several immunological pathways. New medicines aimed at remyelination and neurodegeneration are being developed; however, they need stronger evidence before being introduced into routine clinical care. The purpose of this study was a thorough assessment of MS immunopathology and predictive biomarkers. METHODS: Immunotherapy, immunopathogenesis, and prognostic biomarkers were all parts of the search method. Only publications in English were considered for inclusion in the study. For that purpose, we went through the current state of knowledge around MS immunopathology and related biomarkers. Immunology, as well as the identification of increased inflammation as an important component of neurodegeneration, shaped our understanding of this disease aetiology. The relevant sources examined covered the years 2015-2021. CONCLUSION: We found biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood that might be used for the prediction and diagnosis of MS, as well as for measuring treatment response and adverse effects. Many variables, including the role of some infectious organisms and the impact of environmental and social factors, might contribute to the immunological dysfunctions seen in MS. Patients with MS may benefit from better therapy options if a better understanding of MS biomarkers and immune response mechanisms would be obtained. Iranian Society of Pathology 2022 2022-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9508536/ /pubmed/36247502 http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/IJP.2022.541483.2755 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- 4.0 International License which permits Share, copy and redistribution of the material in any medium or format or adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Article Vazifedoust, Soheil Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hadi Khafaei, Mostafa Azemati, Fateme Jalali Kondori, Bahman Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers |
title | Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers |
title_full | Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers |
title_fullStr | Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers |
title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers |
title_short | Comprehensive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis: From Immunotherapy and Immunopathogenesis to Predictive Biomarkers |
title_sort | comprehensive assessment of multiple sclerosis: from immunotherapy and immunopathogenesis to predictive biomarkers |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9508536/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36247502 http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/IJP.2022.541483.2755 |
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