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Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection

Various factors can lead to thyroiditis, including any acute inflammatory process, especially viral illness. While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to disorders of various systems, there is a lack of literature showing an association of coronavirus with the cause of Hashimoto'...

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Autores principales: Khaja, Misbahuddin, Qureshi, Zaheer A, Samsuddoha, Kazi, Itare, Vikram, Stastka, Petr, Mahasamudram, Jaydeep, Altaf, Faryal, Dileep, Arundhati
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cureus 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36176821
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28419
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author Khaja, Misbahuddin
Qureshi, Zaheer A
Samsuddoha, Kazi
Itare, Vikram
Stastka, Petr
Mahasamudram, Jaydeep
Altaf, Faryal
Dileep, Arundhati
author_facet Khaja, Misbahuddin
Qureshi, Zaheer A
Samsuddoha, Kazi
Itare, Vikram
Stastka, Petr
Mahasamudram, Jaydeep
Altaf, Faryal
Dileep, Arundhati
author_sort Khaja, Misbahuddin
collection PubMed
description Various factors can lead to thyroiditis, including any acute inflammatory process, especially viral illness. While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to disorders of various systems, there is a lack of literature showing an association of coronavirus with the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Several possible mechanisms for this outcome have been proposed; chief among them is molecular mimicry. Here, we are reporting a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis incited by COVID-19 in a 34-year-old obese female who presented with anxiety, behavioral changes, and repeated head movements. The patient had an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, a low thyroxine (T4) level, and a positive anti-microsomal antibody screen. The patient also tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. Ultrasound of the patient's neck showed an enlarged heterogeneous thyroid gland. Thyroid replacement therapy with intravenous levothyroxine was started with the subsequent oral transition. Concurrently, she received antibiotics, steroids, and low-molecular-weight heparin for COVID-19. The patient exhibited significant improvement in her mental status, with an eventual return to baseline. The results of the thyroid panel obtained at the outpatient follow-up were normal. Although there is a paucity of data to show COVID-19 as a cause of this painless thyroiditis, this case demonstrates such causality between these two.
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spelling pubmed-95095232022-09-28 Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection Khaja, Misbahuddin Qureshi, Zaheer A Samsuddoha, Kazi Itare, Vikram Stastka, Petr Mahasamudram, Jaydeep Altaf, Faryal Dileep, Arundhati Cureus Internal Medicine Various factors can lead to thyroiditis, including any acute inflammatory process, especially viral illness. While coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been linked to disorders of various systems, there is a lack of literature showing an association of coronavirus with the cause of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Several possible mechanisms for this outcome have been proposed; chief among them is molecular mimicry. Here, we are reporting a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis incited by COVID-19 in a 34-year-old obese female who presented with anxiety, behavioral changes, and repeated head movements. The patient had an elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, a low thyroxine (T4) level, and a positive anti-microsomal antibody screen. The patient also tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. Ultrasound of the patient's neck showed an enlarged heterogeneous thyroid gland. Thyroid replacement therapy with intravenous levothyroxine was started with the subsequent oral transition. Concurrently, she received antibiotics, steroids, and low-molecular-weight heparin for COVID-19. The patient exhibited significant improvement in her mental status, with an eventual return to baseline. The results of the thyroid panel obtained at the outpatient follow-up were normal. Although there is a paucity of data to show COVID-19 as a cause of this painless thyroiditis, this case demonstrates such causality between these two. Cureus 2022-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9509523/ /pubmed/36176821 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28419 Text en Copyright © 2022, Khaja et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Internal Medicine
Khaja, Misbahuddin
Qureshi, Zaheer A
Samsuddoha, Kazi
Itare, Vikram
Stastka, Petr
Mahasamudram, Jaydeep
Altaf, Faryal
Dileep, Arundhati
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection
title Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection
title_full Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection
title_fullStr Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection
title_full_unstemmed Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection
title_short Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Encephalopathy Induced by COVID-19 Infection
title_sort hashimoto's thyroiditis encephalopathy induced by covid-19 infection
topic Internal Medicine
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36176821
http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.28419
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