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Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet

BACKGROUND: As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily seriously affec...

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Autores principales: Yang, Ruoli, Liao, Tingjing, Zhao, Peirui, Zhou, Wenhua, He, Mingfang, Li, Liujun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36153621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00945-4
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author Yang, Ruoli
Liao, Tingjing
Zhao, Peirui
Zhou, Wenhua
He, Mingfang
Li, Liujun
author_facet Yang, Ruoli
Liao, Tingjing
Zhao, Peirui
Zhou, Wenhua
He, Mingfang
Li, Liujun
author_sort Yang, Ruoli
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily seriously affects citrus production and causes large economic losses. Timely monitoring of disease characteristics in the citrus growth process is important for implementing timely control measures. Citrus images are easily disturbed by environmental factors such as dust, low light, clouds or leaf shadows. This makes it easy for some disease spot features in citrus pictures to be obscured. Occluded lesions cannot be effectively extracted and recognized. Second, similar characteristics of different diseases also make it difficult to distinguish the different types of diseases. However, the existing machine vision technology for identifying citrus diseases still has some difficulties in dealing with the above problems. RESULTS: This paper proposes a new citrus disease identification framework. First, a citrus image enhancement algorithm based on the MSR-AMSR algorithm is proposed, which can enhance the image and highlight the disease characteristic information. The AMSR algorithm can also greatly alleviate the interference of clouds and low light on image lesions, making the image features clearer. Second, an MF-RANet network is proposed to recognize citrus disease images. MF-RANet is composed of a main feature frame and a detail feature frame. The main feature frame uses the cross stacking structure of ResNet50 and RAM to extract the main features in the citrus image dataset. RAM is used to extract the attention weight in the feature layer, which enables RAM to give higher weight to disease features. The detailed feature frame path uses AugFPN to extract features from multiple scales and fuse the main feature frame path. AugFPN enables the network to retain more detailed features, so it can effectively distinguish similar features in different diseases. In addition, we use the ELU activation function not only to solve the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance but also to effectively use the negative input of the network. Finally, we use the label smoothing regularization method to prevent overfitting the network in the classification process. Finally, the experimental results show that the highest detection accuracy of the network for Huanglong disease, Corynespora blight of citrus, fat spot macular disease, citrus scab, citrus canker and healthy citrus is 96.77%, 96.22%, 95.96%, 95.93%, 94.04% and 97.55%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The citrus disease algorithm based on AMSR and MF-RANet can effectively perform the disease detection function. It has a high recognition rate for different kinds of citrus diseases. With the addition of AMSR preprocessing, RAM, AugFPN, ELU activation function and other structures, the MF-RANet network performance improves.
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spelling pubmed-95095682022-09-26 Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet Yang, Ruoli Liao, Tingjing Zhao, Peirui Zhou, Wenhua He, Mingfang Li, Liujun Plant Methods Research BACKGROUND: As one of the most widely planted fruit trees in southern China, citrus occupies an important position in the agriculture field and forestry economy in China. There are many kinds of citrus diseases. If citrus infected with diseases cannot be controlled in time, it easily seriously affects citrus production and causes large economic losses. Timely monitoring of disease characteristics in the citrus growth process is important for implementing timely control measures. Citrus images are easily disturbed by environmental factors such as dust, low light, clouds or leaf shadows. This makes it easy for some disease spot features in citrus pictures to be obscured. Occluded lesions cannot be effectively extracted and recognized. Second, similar characteristics of different diseases also make it difficult to distinguish the different types of diseases. However, the existing machine vision technology for identifying citrus diseases still has some difficulties in dealing with the above problems. RESULTS: This paper proposes a new citrus disease identification framework. First, a citrus image enhancement algorithm based on the MSR-AMSR algorithm is proposed, which can enhance the image and highlight the disease characteristic information. The AMSR algorithm can also greatly alleviate the interference of clouds and low light on image lesions, making the image features clearer. Second, an MF-RANet network is proposed to recognize citrus disease images. MF-RANet is composed of a main feature frame and a detail feature frame. The main feature frame uses the cross stacking structure of ResNet50 and RAM to extract the main features in the citrus image dataset. RAM is used to extract the attention weight in the feature layer, which enables RAM to give higher weight to disease features. The detailed feature frame path uses AugFPN to extract features from multiple scales and fuse the main feature frame path. AugFPN enables the network to retain more detailed features, so it can effectively distinguish similar features in different diseases. In addition, we use the ELU activation function not only to solve the problem of gradient explosion and gradient disappearance but also to effectively use the negative input of the network. Finally, we use the label smoothing regularization method to prevent overfitting the network in the classification process. Finally, the experimental results show that the highest detection accuracy of the network for Huanglong disease, Corynespora blight of citrus, fat spot macular disease, citrus scab, citrus canker and healthy citrus is 96.77%, 96.22%, 95.96%, 95.93%, 94.04% and 97.55%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The citrus disease algorithm based on AMSR and MF-RANet can effectively perform the disease detection function. It has a high recognition rate for different kinds of citrus diseases. With the addition of AMSR preprocessing, RAM, AugFPN, ELU activation function and other structures, the MF-RANet network performance improves. BioMed Central 2022-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9509568/ /pubmed/36153621 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00945-4 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Yang, Ruoli
Liao, Tingjing
Zhao, Peirui
Zhou, Wenhua
He, Mingfang
Li, Liujun
Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
title Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
title_full Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
title_fullStr Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
title_full_unstemmed Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
title_short Identification of citrus diseases based on AMSR and MF-RANet
title_sort identification of citrus diseases based on amsr and mf-ranet
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9509568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36153621
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13007-022-00945-4
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