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Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is among the most relevant and widespread immunosuppressive agents, which can severely damage poultry farming by causing direct losses, predisposing the host to secondary diseases and reducing the efficacy of vaccination protocols against other infections. IBDV...

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Autores principales: Ramon, Gema, Legnardi, Matteo, Cecchinato, Mattia, Cazaban, Christophe, Tucciarone, Claudia Maria, Fiorentini, Laura, Gambi, Lorenzo, Mato, Tamas, Berto, Giacomo, Koutoulis, Kostas, Franzo, Giovanni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9510747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36172614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.978901
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author Ramon, Gema
Legnardi, Matteo
Cecchinato, Mattia
Cazaban, Christophe
Tucciarone, Claudia Maria
Fiorentini, Laura
Gambi, Lorenzo
Mato, Tamas
Berto, Giacomo
Koutoulis, Kostas
Franzo, Giovanni
author_facet Ramon, Gema
Legnardi, Matteo
Cecchinato, Mattia
Cazaban, Christophe
Tucciarone, Claudia Maria
Fiorentini, Laura
Gambi, Lorenzo
Mato, Tamas
Berto, Giacomo
Koutoulis, Kostas
Franzo, Giovanni
author_sort Ramon, Gema
collection PubMed
description Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is among the most relevant and widespread immunosuppressive agents, which can severely damage poultry farming by causing direct losses, predisposing the host to secondary diseases and reducing the efficacy of vaccination protocols against other infections. IBDV has thus been the object of intense control activities, largely based on routine vaccination. However, the need for protecting animals from the infection in the first period of the production cycle, when the bursa susceptibility is higher, clashes with the blanketing effect of maternally derived antibodies. To overcome this issue, other strategies have been developed besides live attenuated vaccines, including vector vaccines and immune complex (icx) ones. The present study aims to investigate, in field conditions, the efficacy of these approaches in preventing IBDV infection in laying chickens vaccinated with either live attenuated, vector or immune complex (icx) vaccines. For this purpose, a multicentric study involving 481 farms located in 11 European countries was organized and IBDV infection diagnosis and strain characterization was performed at 6 weeks of age using a molecular approach. Vaccine strains were commonly detected in flocks vaccinated with live or icx vaccines. However, a significantly higher number of field strains (characterized as very virulent IBDVs) was detected in flocks vaccinated with vector vaccines, suggesting their lower capability of preventing bursal colonization. Different from vector vaccines, live and icx ones have a marked bursal tropism. It can thus be speculated that vaccine virus replication in these sites could limit vvIBDV replication by direct competition or because of a more effective activation of innate immunity. Although such different behavior doesn't necessarily affect clinical protection, further studies should be performed to evaluate if vvIBDV replication could still be associated with subclinical losses and/or for viral circulation in a “vaccinated environment” could drive viral evolution and favor the emergence of vaccine-escape variants.
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spelling pubmed-95107472022-09-27 Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study Ramon, Gema Legnardi, Matteo Cecchinato, Mattia Cazaban, Christophe Tucciarone, Claudia Maria Fiorentini, Laura Gambi, Lorenzo Mato, Tamas Berto, Giacomo Koutoulis, Kostas Franzo, Giovanni Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is among the most relevant and widespread immunosuppressive agents, which can severely damage poultry farming by causing direct losses, predisposing the host to secondary diseases and reducing the efficacy of vaccination protocols against other infections. IBDV has thus been the object of intense control activities, largely based on routine vaccination. However, the need for protecting animals from the infection in the first period of the production cycle, when the bursa susceptibility is higher, clashes with the blanketing effect of maternally derived antibodies. To overcome this issue, other strategies have been developed besides live attenuated vaccines, including vector vaccines and immune complex (icx) ones. The present study aims to investigate, in field conditions, the efficacy of these approaches in preventing IBDV infection in laying chickens vaccinated with either live attenuated, vector or immune complex (icx) vaccines. For this purpose, a multicentric study involving 481 farms located in 11 European countries was organized and IBDV infection diagnosis and strain characterization was performed at 6 weeks of age using a molecular approach. Vaccine strains were commonly detected in flocks vaccinated with live or icx vaccines. However, a significantly higher number of field strains (characterized as very virulent IBDVs) was detected in flocks vaccinated with vector vaccines, suggesting their lower capability of preventing bursal colonization. Different from vector vaccines, live and icx ones have a marked bursal tropism. It can thus be speculated that vaccine virus replication in these sites could limit vvIBDV replication by direct competition or because of a more effective activation of innate immunity. Although such different behavior doesn't necessarily affect clinical protection, further studies should be performed to evaluate if vvIBDV replication could still be associated with subclinical losses and/or for viral circulation in a “vaccinated environment” could drive viral evolution and favor the emergence of vaccine-escape variants. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9510747/ /pubmed/36172614 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.978901 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ramon, Legnardi, Cecchinato, Cazaban, Tucciarone, Fiorentini, Gambi, Mato, Berto, Koutoulis and Franzo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Ramon, Gema
Legnardi, Matteo
Cecchinato, Mattia
Cazaban, Christophe
Tucciarone, Claudia Maria
Fiorentini, Laura
Gambi, Lorenzo
Mato, Tamas
Berto, Giacomo
Koutoulis, Kostas
Franzo, Giovanni
Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study
title Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study
title_full Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study
title_fullStr Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study
title_full_unstemmed Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study
title_short Efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: A European multicentric study
title_sort efficacy of live attenuated, vector and immune complex infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) vaccines in preventing field strain bursa colonization: a european multicentric study
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9510747/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36172614
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.978901
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