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Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and lung function decline. PEx are frequently treated with antibiotics. However, little is known about the effects of antibiotics on the airway microbiome of persons with CF over time. The purpose of this st...

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Autores principales: Inam, Zaina, Felton, Erin, Burrell, Aszia, Chaney, Hollis, Sami, Iman, Koumbourlis, Anastassios C, Freishtat, Robert J, Zemanick, Edith T, Crandall, Keith A, Hahn, Andrea
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511275/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36168550
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac466
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author Inam, Zaina
Felton, Erin
Burrell, Aszia
Chaney, Hollis
Sami, Iman
Koumbourlis, Anastassios C
Freishtat, Robert J
Zemanick, Edith T
Crandall, Keith A
Hahn, Andrea
author_facet Inam, Zaina
Felton, Erin
Burrell, Aszia
Chaney, Hollis
Sami, Iman
Koumbourlis, Anastassios C
Freishtat, Robert J
Zemanick, Edith T
Crandall, Keith A
Hahn, Andrea
author_sort Inam, Zaina
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and lung function decline. PEx are frequently treated with antibiotics. However, little is known about the effects of antibiotics on the airway microbiome of persons with CF over time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the microbiome and lung function in persons with CF over 1 year following an initial study pulmonary exacerbation (iPEx). METHODS: Twenty children aged ≤18 years with CF were enrolled in the study, which occurred prior to the routine administration of highly effective modulator therapy. Respiratory samples and spirometry were obtained at a minimum of quarterly visits and up to 1 year after an iPEx. Metagenomic sequencing was performed, and bacterial taxa were assigned using MetaPhlAn 2.0. Paired t test, analysis of variance, and generalized least squares regression were used to compare outcome variables. RESULTS: The mean age of study participants at the time of the iPEx was 10.6 years. There were 3 ± 1.6 PEx treated with antibiotics per person during the study period. Bacterial richness was similar at 1 year compared to iPEx (40.3 vs 39.3, P = .852), whereas the mean Shannon diversity index was significantly higher at 1 year (2.84 vs 1.62, P < .001). The number of PEx treated with antibiotics was not associated with changes in microbial diversity but was associated with changes in lung function. CONCLUSIONS: In our 1-year prospective study, we found that microbial diversity increased despite decreases in lung function associated with repeated PEx events requiring antibiotic therapy.
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spelling pubmed-95112752022-09-26 Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation Inam, Zaina Felton, Erin Burrell, Aszia Chaney, Hollis Sami, Iman Koumbourlis, Anastassios C Freishtat, Robert J Zemanick, Edith T Crandall, Keith A Hahn, Andrea Open Forum Infect Dis Major Article BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) and lung function decline. PEx are frequently treated with antibiotics. However, little is known about the effects of antibiotics on the airway microbiome of persons with CF over time. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the microbiome and lung function in persons with CF over 1 year following an initial study pulmonary exacerbation (iPEx). METHODS: Twenty children aged ≤18 years with CF were enrolled in the study, which occurred prior to the routine administration of highly effective modulator therapy. Respiratory samples and spirometry were obtained at a minimum of quarterly visits and up to 1 year after an iPEx. Metagenomic sequencing was performed, and bacterial taxa were assigned using MetaPhlAn 2.0. Paired t test, analysis of variance, and generalized least squares regression were used to compare outcome variables. RESULTS: The mean age of study participants at the time of the iPEx was 10.6 years. There were 3 ± 1.6 PEx treated with antibiotics per person during the study period. Bacterial richness was similar at 1 year compared to iPEx (40.3 vs 39.3, P = .852), whereas the mean Shannon diversity index was significantly higher at 1 year (2.84 vs 1.62, P < .001). The number of PEx treated with antibiotics was not associated with changes in microbial diversity but was associated with changes in lung function. CONCLUSIONS: In our 1-year prospective study, we found that microbial diversity increased despite decreases in lung function associated with repeated PEx events requiring antibiotic therapy. Oxford University Press 2022-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9511275/ /pubmed/36168550 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac466 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Major Article
Inam, Zaina
Felton, Erin
Burrell, Aszia
Chaney, Hollis
Sami, Iman
Koumbourlis, Anastassios C
Freishtat, Robert J
Zemanick, Edith T
Crandall, Keith A
Hahn, Andrea
Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation
title Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation
title_full Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation
title_fullStr Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation
title_short Impact of Antibiotics on the Lung Microbiome and Lung Function in Children With Cystic Fibrosis 1 Year After Hospitalization for an Initial Pulmonary Exacerbation
title_sort impact of antibiotics on the lung microbiome and lung function in children with cystic fibrosis 1 year after hospitalization for an initial pulmonary exacerbation
topic Major Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511275/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36168550
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofac466
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