Tofacitinib as an alternative therapy for refractory intestinal Behçet’s syndrome

BACKGROUND: Intestinal Behçet’s syndrome is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Behçet’s syndrome. OBJECTIVES: Current treatment challenges remain in refractory intestinal Behçet’s syndrome, when patients failed first and second-line therapies. DESIGN: We reported the efficacy and safety profiles of tofacitinib in patients with moderate-severe intestinal Behçet’s syndrome in a retrospective single-center study. METHODS: Treatment with glucocorticoids, immunosuppressors, or even anti-TNFα monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) had previously failed. Primary outcomes were clinical remission or low disease activity and endoscopic healing. RESULTS: We included 13 patients; 11 were administered tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily, and 2 took tofacitinib 5 mg once daily. Nine patients achieved clinical remission after a mean treatment duration of 10.1 ± 7.0 months, and the other four had low disease activity. Follow-up endoscopy was available in 11 patients: 5 had achieved mucosal healing; the other 4 achieved marked mucosal improvement. Prednisone dosage was significantly reduced, from 30 (interquartile range: 20–30) mg/d to 2.5 (interquartile range: 0–12.5) mg/d (p < 0.001). No serious adverse event was observed. CONCLUSION: Tofacitinib could be an efficacious and generally well-tolerated option in patients with intestinal Behçet’s syndrome refractory to conventional agents, even anti-TNFα mAbs.