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Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges
BACKGROUND: China is rapidly expanding its general practitioner (GP) workforce as part of recent healthcare reform, with an extra 400,000 GPs by 2030. This scoping review identifies the published strategies for GP recruitment that are being implemented and the challenges encountered. METHODS: We sea...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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BioMed Central
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36162977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01854-0 |
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author | Chen, Shiwei Sam, Xin Hui Soong, Aijia Car, Lorainne Tudor Lian, Siqing Smith, Helen E. |
author_facet | Chen, Shiwei Sam, Xin Hui Soong, Aijia Car, Lorainne Tudor Lian, Siqing Smith, Helen E. |
author_sort | Chen, Shiwei |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: China is rapidly expanding its general practitioner (GP) workforce as part of recent healthcare reform, with an extra 400,000 GPs by 2030. This scoping review identifies the published strategies for GP recruitment that are being implemented and the challenges encountered. METHODS: We searched six English and three Chinese databases from 2015 to April 2022, following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA ScR reporting guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 40 Chinese-language and 5 English-language records were included. We identified multiple policies, pathways and programmes focused on expanding GP recruitment. Twenty-two evaluations of these initiatives show varying degrees of effectiveness. Selecting general practice as a career is affected by many factors, including individual’s background, remuneration and benefits, career prospects, working environment, self-fulfilment, and current national developments and reorganisations of primary care. The challenge most frequently reported was the adequate provision of qualified GP in rural regions. The targeting of students from rural areas and provision of free education in return for an obligatory six-years’ working in their hometown upon graduation appears to be effective. Extracted records mostly studied views of trainees in a defined locality, and we identified a paucity of studies which explored the perspectives of organisations and institutions, similarly there were areas of China not contributing to the literature and there were no records taking a national perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term monitoring is required to assess policy changes and to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions nationally. The monitoring of the challenges influencing GP recruitment can be used to inform the design of future initiatives. Development of a minimum agreed standardised set of outcomes used to measure and report evaluations will help assess the relative contributions and cost effectiveness of different approaches being used to boost GP numbers. We provide suggestions for improving the benefits and rewards for GPs and how to promote recruitment to the more rural or less attractive areas. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-022-01854-0. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9511450 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95114502022-09-26 Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges Chen, Shiwei Sam, Xin Hui Soong, Aijia Car, Lorainne Tudor Lian, Siqing Smith, Helen E. BMC Prim Care Research BACKGROUND: China is rapidly expanding its general practitioner (GP) workforce as part of recent healthcare reform, with an extra 400,000 GPs by 2030. This scoping review identifies the published strategies for GP recruitment that are being implemented and the challenges encountered. METHODS: We searched six English and three Chinese databases from 2015 to April 2022, following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA ScR reporting guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 40 Chinese-language and 5 English-language records were included. We identified multiple policies, pathways and programmes focused on expanding GP recruitment. Twenty-two evaluations of these initiatives show varying degrees of effectiveness. Selecting general practice as a career is affected by many factors, including individual’s background, remuneration and benefits, career prospects, working environment, self-fulfilment, and current national developments and reorganisations of primary care. The challenge most frequently reported was the adequate provision of qualified GP in rural regions. The targeting of students from rural areas and provision of free education in return for an obligatory six-years’ working in their hometown upon graduation appears to be effective. Extracted records mostly studied views of trainees in a defined locality, and we identified a paucity of studies which explored the perspectives of organisations and institutions, similarly there were areas of China not contributing to the literature and there were no records taking a national perspective. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term monitoring is required to assess policy changes and to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions nationally. The monitoring of the challenges influencing GP recruitment can be used to inform the design of future initiatives. Development of a minimum agreed standardised set of outcomes used to measure and report evaluations will help assess the relative contributions and cost effectiveness of different approaches being used to boost GP numbers. We provide suggestions for improving the benefits and rewards for GPs and how to promote recruitment to the more rural or less attractive areas. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-022-01854-0. BioMed Central 2022-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9511450/ /pubmed/36162977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01854-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Research Chen, Shiwei Sam, Xin Hui Soong, Aijia Car, Lorainne Tudor Lian, Siqing Smith, Helen E. Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
title | Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
title_full | Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
title_fullStr | Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
title_full_unstemmed | Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
title_short | Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
title_sort | recruitment of general practitioners in china: a scoping review of strategies and challenges |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9511450/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36162977 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12875-022-01854-0 |
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