PLK4 Is a Potential Biomarker for Abnormal Tumor Proliferation, Immune Infiltration, and Prognosis in ccRCC

BACKGROUND: PLK4 is highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in various malignancies. However, the role of PLK4 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is still unclear. This study is aimed at analyzing the expression, the potential regulating mechanism, and the role of PLK4 in the ccRCC by bioinformatics. METHODS: PLK4 mRNA expression data and methylation levels in ccRCC were examined using TIMER, UALCAN, MethSurv, NCBI-GEO, and UCSC databases. Quantitative real-time PCR verifies the regulatory relationship between PLK4 and has-miR-214-3p. The GEPIA2 and STRING databases were used to find similar genes of PLK4 and then enriched with R language to analyze their similar genes. Correlations between PLK4 and tumor-infiltrating immune cells and cytokines exerting immunosuppression were analyzed using the TIMER database and the TISIDB databases. RESULTS: PLK4 mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in ccRCC tissues than in paracancerous tissues. ccRCC tissues had lower DNA methylation levels of PLK4 than normal tissues. Importantly, the high PLK4 expression was associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC patients. The has-miR-214-3p negatively regulates the expression of PLK4. GO and KEGG pathway analysis showed that PLK4 coexpressed genes were mainly associated with multiple immune-related pathways, including cytokinesis, sister chromatid adhesions, and mitotic nuclear division. Our data suggest that the PLK4 expression is closely related to the level of immune infiltration and the cytokines that exert immune suppression, and IPS was significantly higher in the PLK4 low expression group. CONCLUSION: The PLK4 expression is associated with the prognosis of ccRCC patients and affects the immune microenvironment of ccRCC, and PLK4 is expected to be a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of ccRCC.