Laparoscopic correction of hydronephrosis caused by left paraduodenal hernia in a child with cryptorchism: A case report

BACKGROUND: Paraduodenal hernia (PDH) is a mesenteric-parietal hernia with retroperitoneal and retrocolic herniation of the small bowel into a sac, which is formed by a peritoneal fold located near the fourth portion of the duodenum. The present case revealed that PDH was a possible reason for hydronephrosis, and that the carful laparoscopic exploration surgery was necessary to find infrequent causes of hydronephrosis to avoid invalid Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty surgery and its injury. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-year-old boy presented to the pediatric department with a chief complaint of cryptorchidism. Afterwards, laparoscopy confirmed hydronephrosis secondary to left PDH with cryptorchid. Then, he received laparoscopic surgery, fixed operation for left PDH, release of the ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and treatment for hydronephrosis. It is necessary to perform secondary surgery for cryptorchidism and long-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: The case revealed an extremely rare cause of hydronephrosis in children, suggesting a potential correlation between PDH and hydronephrosis.