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Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City

The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The...

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Autores principales: Flores-Moreno, Brenda Jazmín, Martínez-Andrade, Gloria, Klünder-Klünder, Miguel, Miranda-Lora, América Liliana, Beristain-Lujano, Brenda, Flores-Huerta, Samuel, Mendoza, Eugenia, Mayorga-Lima, Ariana, Duque, Ximena, Vilchis-Gil, Jenny
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36141913
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811650
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author Flores-Moreno, Brenda Jazmín
Martínez-Andrade, Gloria
Klünder-Klünder, Miguel
Miranda-Lora, América Liliana
Beristain-Lujano, Brenda
Flores-Huerta, Samuel
Mendoza, Eugenia
Mayorga-Lima, Ariana
Duque, Ximena
Vilchis-Gil, Jenny
author_facet Flores-Moreno, Brenda Jazmín
Martínez-Andrade, Gloria
Klünder-Klünder, Miguel
Miranda-Lora, América Liliana
Beristain-Lujano, Brenda
Flores-Huerta, Samuel
Mendoza, Eugenia
Mayorga-Lima, Ariana
Duque, Ximena
Vilchis-Gil, Jenny
author_sort Flores-Moreno, Brenda Jazmín
collection PubMed
description The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The aim was to describe dietary patterns identified in school lunch and their association with the nutritional status and metabolic parameters of schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study on schoolchildren from four elementary schools of Mexico City, we recorded anthropometry measurements, a fasting blood sample was collected, and metabolic parameters were determined. We obtained information on the foods and beverages that children brought for their school lunch; estimated the caloric and nutritional content; and created food groups to obtain dietary patterns from the energy provided by those groups. Among the 350 schoolchildren (mean age, 7.9 ± 1.2 years) included, 24.9% and 21.7% presented having overweight and obesity, respectively. A total of 89.4% of schoolchildren brought the school lunch from home. Using the K-means method, the following four dietary patterns were identified: (1) sandwiches, tortas, and sweetened dairy products were consumed by 13.1% (n = 46) of the schoolchildren; (2) sweet snacks were consumed by 50.3% (n = 176); (3) sweetened dairy products were brought by 15.1% of the children (n = 53); and (4) sandwiches and tortas were brought by 21.4% (n = 75). These four patterns showed significant differences in terms of the caloric and nutritional contents (p < 0.001). Energy sources in the identified patterns were primarily sugars (15.8–40%). No association was found between the anthropometric and metabolic parameters of children and the dietary patterns. No dietary pattern obtained from the school lunch could be considered as healthy, since all of them had high energy content, and a high percentage of the energy was from sugars from ultra-processed foods and beverages.
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spelling pubmed-95175232022-09-29 Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City Flores-Moreno, Brenda Jazmín Martínez-Andrade, Gloria Klünder-Klünder, Miguel Miranda-Lora, América Liliana Beristain-Lujano, Brenda Flores-Huerta, Samuel Mendoza, Eugenia Mayorga-Lima, Ariana Duque, Ximena Vilchis-Gil, Jenny Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The aim was to describe dietary patterns identified in school lunch and their association with the nutritional status and metabolic parameters of schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study on schoolchildren from four elementary schools of Mexico City, we recorded anthropometry measurements, a fasting blood sample was collected, and metabolic parameters were determined. We obtained information on the foods and beverages that children brought for their school lunch; estimated the caloric and nutritional content; and created food groups to obtain dietary patterns from the energy provided by those groups. Among the 350 schoolchildren (mean age, 7.9 ± 1.2 years) included, 24.9% and 21.7% presented having overweight and obesity, respectively. A total of 89.4% of schoolchildren brought the school lunch from home. Using the K-means method, the following four dietary patterns were identified: (1) sandwiches, tortas, and sweetened dairy products were consumed by 13.1% (n = 46) of the schoolchildren; (2) sweet snacks were consumed by 50.3% (n = 176); (3) sweetened dairy products were brought by 15.1% of the children (n = 53); and (4) sandwiches and tortas were brought by 21.4% (n = 75). These four patterns showed significant differences in terms of the caloric and nutritional contents (p < 0.001). Energy sources in the identified patterns were primarily sugars (15.8–40%). No association was found between the anthropometric and metabolic parameters of children and the dietary patterns. No dietary pattern obtained from the school lunch could be considered as healthy, since all of them had high energy content, and a high percentage of the energy was from sugars from ultra-processed foods and beverages. MDPI 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9517523/ /pubmed/36141913 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811650 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Flores-Moreno, Brenda Jazmín
Martínez-Andrade, Gloria
Klünder-Klünder, Miguel
Miranda-Lora, América Liliana
Beristain-Lujano, Brenda
Flores-Huerta, Samuel
Mendoza, Eugenia
Mayorga-Lima, Ariana
Duque, Ximena
Vilchis-Gil, Jenny
Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
title Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
title_full Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
title_fullStr Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
title_full_unstemmed Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
title_short Evidence of Unhealthy Dietary Patterns in the School Lunch Sent from Home for Children in Mexico City
title_sort evidence of unhealthy dietary patterns in the school lunch sent from home for children in mexico city
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36141913
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811650
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