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Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk

Children are highly vulnerable to chemical exposure. Thus, metal and metalloid in infant formulas are a concern, although studies in this regard are still relatively scarce. Thus, the presence of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, tin, mercury, lead, and uranium was investigated in infant formulas marketed...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: de Almeida, Cristine Couto, Baião, Diego dos Santos, Rodrigues, Paloma de Almeida, Saint’Pierre, Tatiana Dillenburg, Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann, Leandro, Katia Christina, Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi, da Costa, Marion Pereira, Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517614/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36141460
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811178
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author de Almeida, Cristine Couto
Baião, Diego dos Santos
Rodrigues, Paloma de Almeida
Saint’Pierre, Tatiana Dillenburg
Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann
Leandro, Katia Christina
Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
da Costa, Marion Pereira
Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam
author_facet de Almeida, Cristine Couto
Baião, Diego dos Santos
Rodrigues, Paloma de Almeida
Saint’Pierre, Tatiana Dillenburg
Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann
Leandro, Katia Christina
Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
da Costa, Marion Pereira
Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam
author_sort de Almeida, Cristine Couto
collection PubMed
description Children are highly vulnerable to chemical exposure. Thus, metal and metalloid in infant formulas are a concern, although studies in this regard are still relatively scarce. Thus, the presence of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, tin, mercury, lead, and uranium was investigated in infant formulas marketed in Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) were calculated in to assess the potential risk of toxicity for children who consume these products continuously. Aluminum ranging from 0.432 ± 0.049 to 1.241 ± 0.113 mg·kg(−1), arsenic from 0.012 ± 0.009 to 0.034 ± 0.006 mg·kg(−1), and tin from 0.007 ± 0.003 to 0.095 ± 0.024 mg·kg(−1) were the major elements, while cadmium and uranium were present at the lowest concentrations. According to the THQ, arsenic contents in infant formulas showed a THQ > 1, indicating potential health risk concerns for newborns or children. Minimal carcinogenic risks were observed for the elements considered carcinogenic. Metabolic and nutritional interactions are also discussed. This study indicates the need to improve infant formula surveillance concerning contamination by potentially toxic and carcinogenic elements.
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spelling pubmed-95176142022-09-29 Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk de Almeida, Cristine Couto Baião, Diego dos Santos Rodrigues, Paloma de Almeida Saint’Pierre, Tatiana Dillenburg Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann Leandro, Katia Christina Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi da Costa, Marion Pereira Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Children are highly vulnerable to chemical exposure. Thus, metal and metalloid in infant formulas are a concern, although studies in this regard are still relatively scarce. Thus, the presence of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, tin, mercury, lead, and uranium was investigated in infant formulas marketed in Brazil by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the Target Hazard Quotients (THQ) and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) were calculated in to assess the potential risk of toxicity for children who consume these products continuously. Aluminum ranging from 0.432 ± 0.049 to 1.241 ± 0.113 mg·kg(−1), arsenic from 0.012 ± 0.009 to 0.034 ± 0.006 mg·kg(−1), and tin from 0.007 ± 0.003 to 0.095 ± 0.024 mg·kg(−1) were the major elements, while cadmium and uranium were present at the lowest concentrations. According to the THQ, arsenic contents in infant formulas showed a THQ > 1, indicating potential health risk concerns for newborns or children. Minimal carcinogenic risks were observed for the elements considered carcinogenic. Metabolic and nutritional interactions are also discussed. This study indicates the need to improve infant formula surveillance concerning contamination by potentially toxic and carcinogenic elements. MDPI 2022-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9517614/ /pubmed/36141460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811178 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
de Almeida, Cristine Couto
Baião, Diego dos Santos
Rodrigues, Paloma de Almeida
Saint’Pierre, Tatiana Dillenburg
Hauser-Davis, Rachel Ann
Leandro, Katia Christina
Paschoalin, Vania Margaret Flosi
da Costa, Marion Pereira
Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam
Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk
title Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk
title_full Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk
title_fullStr Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk
title_full_unstemmed Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk
title_short Toxic Metals and Metalloids in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil, and Child Health Risks According to the Target Hazard Quotients and Target Cancer Risk
title_sort toxic metals and metalloids in infant formulas marketed in brazil, and child health risks according to the target hazard quotients and target cancer risk
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517614/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36141460
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811178
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